Rational pullbacks of Galois covers

. Another application is that the ``Beckmann--Black property that ``any two Galois covers of $m a t h b b P_{m a t h b b C}^{1}$ with the same group $G$ are always pullbacks of another Galois cover of group $G$ only holds if

G s u b s e t {m P G L}_{2} (m a t h b b C)

.

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Let $k$ be a field and let $X$ be a smooth geometrically irreducible curve over $k$. Let $f: X\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$ be a $k$-regular cover. A rational pullback of $f$ is a $k$-regular cover $f_{T_0}: X_{T_0}\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$ obtained by pulling back $f$ along some non-constant rational map $T_0 :\mathbb{P}_k^1\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$. The Regular Inverse Galois Problem over $k$ is the problem of realizing each finite group as the Galois group of a $k$-regular Galois cover of $\mathbb{P}_k^1$. Rational pullbacks crete such covers. The main result of this paper is to obtain all Galois covers $X\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$ of a given group $G$ from a proper subset of them by rational pullbacks. In this case, the subset is called a regular parametric cover. Theorem. Let $k=\mathbb{C}$. The finite subgroups of $PGL_2(\mathbb{C})$ (i.e, cyclic and dihedral groups, $A_4, S_4$ and $A_5$) are exactly those finite groups which have a regular parametric cover $X\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$. More precisely, given a finite group $G$, the following statements hold. (a) If $G\subset PGL_2(\mathbb{C})$, then $G$ has a regular parametric cover. (b) If $G$ is not contained in $PGL_2(\mathbb{C})$, then even the set of all Galois covers $X\to\mathbb{P}_k^1$ of group $G$ and with at most $r_0$ branch points is not regularly parametric, for any $r_0\geq 0$. As an application it is shown that if $k$ is algebraically closed of characteristic $0$, then the finite groups of $PGL_2(\mathbb{C})$ are exactly those finite groups for which the Beckman-Black regular lifting property over $k$ holds. The Beckman-Black property is that any two Galois covers of $\mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{C}}^1$ with the same group $G$ are always pullbacks of another Galois cover of group $G$.. Methods for establishing the results are based on Riemann's Existence Theorem, in particular, the geometric structure of the Hurwitz moduli spaces.

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