On the cardinality of separable pseudoradial spaces

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2021.107791MaRDI QIDQ2665211zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 18 November 2021

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.02751

Cardinality properties (cardinal functions and inequalities, discrete subsets) (54A25) Consistency and independence results in general topology (54A35)

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to consider questions concerning the possible maximum cardinality of various separable pseudoradial (in short: SP) spaces. The most intriguing question here is if there is, in ZFC, a regular (or just Hausdorff) SP of cardinality greater than

m a t h f r a k c

. While this question is left open, we establish a number of non-trivial results that we list: 1. It is consistent with Martin's Axiom and

m a t h f r a k c = a l e p h_{2}

that there is a countably tight and compact SP of cardinality

2^{m a t h f r a k c}

. 2. If

k a p p a

is a measurable cardinal then in the forcing extension obtained by adding

k a p p a

many Cohen reals, every countably tight regular SP space has cardinality at most

m a t h f r a k c

. 3. If

k a p p a > a l e p h_{1}

Cohen reals are added to a model of GCH, then in the extension every pseudocompact SP space with a countable dense set of isolated points has cardinality at most

m a t h f r a k c

. 4. If

m a t h f r a k c l e q a l e p h_{2}

, then there is a 0-dimensional SP space with a countable dense set of isolated points that has cardinal greater than

m a t h f r a k c

.

Review text

Recall that a pseudoradial space is one in which radially closed subsets (those for which \(\kappa\)-sequences, \(\kappa\) any cardinal, from the subset can converge only to points in the subset) are closed. It is consistent that the product space \(2^{\omega_1}\) is separable and pseudoradial (SP) but is there a ZFC example of a regular or Hausdorff SP space of cardinality \(>\mathfrak c\)? When \(\mathfrak c\le\aleph_2\) there is a 0-dimensional SP space with a countable dense subset of isolated points having cardinality \(>\mathfrak c\), under \textsf{CH} there is a pseudoradial compactification of \(\omega\) of cardinality \(2^\mathfrak c\) and under \textsf{MA} \(+\ \mathfrak c=\aleph_2\) there is a countably tight, compact SP space of cardinality \(2^\mathfrak c\). On the other hand circumstances where adding \(\kappa\) many Cohen reals imply SP spaces must have cardinality \(<\mathfrak c\) are given: if \(\kappa\) is measurable and the space is countably tight and regular; if \(\kappa>\aleph_1\), the model is of \textsf{GCH} and the space is pseudocompact with a countable dense set of isolated points.

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