Semisimple cyclic elements in semisimple Lie algebras

Abstract: This paper is a continuation of the theory of cyclic elements in semisimple Lie algebras, developed by Elashvili, Kac and Vinberg. Its main result is the classification of semisimple cyclic elements in semisimple Lie algebras. The importance of this classification stems from the fact that each such element gives rise to an integrable hierarchy of Hamiltonian PDE of Drinfeld-Sokolov type.

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Consider a semisimple Lie algebra \(g\) over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\). Let \(e\) be a nilpotent element and take an eigenspace \(g_d\) of \(\text{ad }e\). An element of \(g\) of the form \(e+F\), where \(F\) is a non-zero element of \(g_{-d}\), is called a cyclic element, associated to \(e\). A non-zero nilpotent element \(e\) of \(g\) is called of nilpotent (resp. semisimple) type if all cyclic elements, associated to \(e\), are nilpotent (resp. there exists a semisimple cyclic element, associated to \(e\)). In [\textit{A. G. Elashvili} et al., Transform. Groups 18, No. 1, 97--130 (2013; Zbl 1329.17007)] nilpotent element of nilpotent type were studied. In the present paper the main result is ``the classification of semisimple cyclic elements in semisimple Lie algebras.

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