Wolstenholme and Vandiver primes
A Wolstenholme prime is a prime number \(p\) that divides the numerator of the Bernoulli number \(B_{p-3}\), while a Vandiver prime divides the Euler number \(E_{p-3}\). Hence, Wolstenholme primes are a special class of irregular primes, and so are the Vandiver primes, with respect to the Euler numbers. Despite computational efforts, only a few Wolstenholme and Vandiver primes are currently known. The authors here develop congruences mod \(p\) for both Bernoulli and Euler numbers, which are rather cumbersome, but highly advantageous from the computational point of view, and which enable them to effectively scan for both types of primes up to \(10^{11}\). (Previous records made in the year 2020 stood at \(10^{10}\) for Wolstenholme primes and \(5\cdot 10^9\) for Vandiver primes.) These congruences are given in Sections 2 and 4, respectively, for Bernoulli and Euler numbers, followed by the discussion for the actual implementations in Sections 3 and 5, respectively. Section 6 affirmatively answers a previously asked question on the existence of computational congruences for Bernoulli numbers, and Euler numbers as well, with fewer than \(\epsilon p\) terms, for any \(\epsilon >0\). The last Section 7 gives a useful insight into the derivations of such congruences that might help further work.
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- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1194925 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 967875 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3036407 (Why is no real title available?)
- Irregular Primes and Cyclotomic Invariants
- Irregular Primes and Cyclotomic Invariants to Four Million
- Irregular primes to two billion
- New Congruences for the Bernoulli Numbers
- Note on Irregular Primes
- On a congruence of Emma Lehmer related to Euler numbers
- On Bernoulli's numbers and Fermat's last theorem
- On congruences involving Bernoulli numbers and the quotients of Fermat and Wilson
- On the converse of Wolstenholme's Theorem
- On the counting function of irregular primes
- Super congruences and Euler numbers
- The Irregular Primes to 125000
- Wolstenholme again
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