On Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture: a tale of three integrals

DOI10.1515/CRELLE-2021-0084MaRDI QIDQ2673076zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Emanuel Carneiro, Vorrapan Chandee, Andrés Chirre, Micah B. Milinovich

Publication date 9 June 2022

Published in Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09258

zbMATH Keywords

Montgomery's pair correlation conjectureRiemann hypothesiszeroes of the Riemann zeta function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)) (11M06) Distribution of primes (11N05)

Abstract: We study three integrals related to the celebrated pair correlation conjecture of H. L. Montgomery. The first is the integral of Montgomery's function $F(alpha,T)$ in bounded intervals, the second is an integral introduced by Selberg related to estimating the variance of primes in short intervals, and the last is the second moment of the logarithmic derivative of the Riemann zeta-function near the critical line. The conjectured asymptotic for any of these three integrals is equivalent to Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture. Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we substantially improve the known upper and lower bounds for these integrals by introducing new connections to certain extremal problems in Fourier analysis. In an appendix, we study the intriguing problem of establishing the sharp form of an embedding between two Hilbert spaces of entire functions naturally connected to Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture.

Review text

The authors study three integrals related to the celebrated pair correlation conjecture of H. L. Montgomery. The first is the integral of Montgomery's function \(F(\alpha,T)\) in bounded intervals: \[F(\alpha,T)=\frac{2\pi}{T\log T}\sum_{0<\gamma, \gamma'\leq T} T^{i \alpha (\gamma-\gamma')}\omega(\gamma-\gamma'),\] where \(\omega(u)=\frac{4}{4+u^2}\). The second is an integral \(J(a,T)\) introduced by Selberg related to estimating the variance of primes in short intervals: \[J(\beta,T)= \int_1^{T^\beta}\left(\psi\left(x+\frac{x}{T}\right)-\psi(x)-\frac{x}{T}\right)^2 \frac{dx}{x^2},\] where \(\psi (x)\) is the Chebyshev function. Finally, The last integral is \(I(a,T)\) which is the second moment of the logarithmic derivative of the Riemann zeta-function \(\zeta(s)\) near the critical line: \[I(a,T)=\int_1^T \left|\frac{\zeta'}{\zeta}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{\log T}+i t\right)\right|^2dt. \] Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, it is well known that some conjectured asymptotic formulas for any of the mentioned three integrals are equivalent to Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture regarding the distribution of the zeroes of \(\zeta(s)\) on the critical line \(\mathrm{Re}(s)=\frac{1}{2}\). In the paper under review, the authors assume the Riemann hypothesis and substantially improve the known upper and lower bounds for these integrals by introducing new connections to certain extremal problems in Fourier analysis.

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Cited in

(10)

• On a conjecture of Liu and Ye
• Hilbert spaces and low-lying zeros of \(L\)-functions
• Lower order terms of the second moment of S(t)
• The Selberg integral and a new pair-correlation function for the zeros of the Riemann zeta-function
• A note on the mean values of the derivatives of 𝜁’/𝜁
• On the q-analogue of the pair correlation conjecture via Fourier optimization
• An explicit mean-value estimate for the prime number theorem in intervals
• Fourier optimization and Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture
• On the joint second moment of zeta and its logarithmic derivative
• Conditional mean values of long Dirichlet polynomials

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