Extension of Laguerre polynomials with negative arguments

DOI10.1016/J.INDAG.2022.02.006MaRDI QIDQ2673084zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sneh Bala Sinha, T. N. Shorey

Publication date 9 June 2022

Published in Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.02353

zbMATH Keywords

generalised Laguerre polynomialsirreducibilityprimesvaluations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General field theory (12Exx) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

Abstract: We consider the irreducibility of polynomial $L_n^{(alpha)}(x)$ where $alpha$ is a negative integer. We observe that the constant term of $L_n^{(alpha)}(x)$ vanishes if and only if $ngeq|alpha|=-alpha$. Therefore we assume that $alpha=-n-s-1$ where $s$ is a non-negative integer. Let ${\displaystyle }$ g(x) = (-1)^n L_n^{(-n-s-1)}(x) = sumlimits_{j=0}^{n} a_j frac{x^j}{j!} ${\displaystyle }$ and more general polynomial, let ${\displaystyle }$ G(x) = sumlimits_{j=0}^{n} a_j b_j frac{x^j}{j!} ${\displaystyle }$ where $b_j$ with $0leqjleqn$ are integers such that $|b_0|=|b_n|=1$. Schur was the first to prove the irreducibility of $g(x)$ for $s=0$. It has been proved that $g(x)$ is irreducibile for $0leqsleq60$. In this paper, by a different method, we prove : Apart from finitely many explicitely given posibilities, either $G(x)$ is irreducible or $G(x)$ is linear factor times irreducible polynomial. This is a consequence of the estimate $s>1.9k$ whenever $G(x)$ has a factor of degree $kgeq2$ and $(n,k,s)eq(10,5,4)$. This sharpens earlier estimates of Shorey and Tijdeman and Nair and Shorey.

Review text

The authors study for \(n\geq 0\) and \(s\) a nonnegative integer, the generalized Laguerre polynomial \[ g(x):=g(x,n,s)=(-1)^nL_n^{(-n-s-1)}(x)=\sum_{j=0}^n\,a_j\,\frac{x^j}{j!}, \] with \[ a_j=\ \binom{n+s-j}{n-j}\hbox{ for }0\leq j\leq n. \] They are interested in the irreducibility of \(g(x)\) and of \[ G(x):= G(x,n,s)=\sum_{j=0}^n\,\pi_j\,\frac{x^j}{j!}\hbox{ where }\pi_j=b_ja_j \] with \(b_j\in\mathbb{Z}\) for \(0\leq j\leq n\) and \(|b_0|=1,\,|b_n|=1\). In the Introduction (\S1) a historical overview is given, along with the main results Theorem 2. (a) Let \(2\leq k\leq n/2\). Assume that \(G(x\) has a factor of degree \(k\geq 2\). Then \(s>1.9 k\) unless \((n,k,s)\in\{(10,5,4)\}\). (b) Assume that the assumptions of Theorem 2(a) are satisfied. Then \[ s> 1.99k\hbox { if }n\geq 48732 \] and for \(0<\phi < 1/9\) there exists a sufficiently large number \(N\), depending only on \(\phi\), such that \[ s> 2(1-2\phi)k\hbox{ for }n\geq N. \] Theorem 3. Assume that \(G(x)\) has a factor of degree \(k\geq 2\). Then \(s>92\) unless \[ \begin{matrix} (n,k,s)\in\{(4,2,7),4,2,23),(9,2,19),(9,2,47),(16,2,14),\qquad\qquad \\ \qquad\qquad (16,2,34),(16,2,89),(9,3,47),(16,3,19),(10,5,4)\}. \end{matrix} \] This can be seen as an extension of the original result by [\textit{I. Schur}, Sitzungsber. Preuß. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl. 1929, 125--136, 370--391 (1929; JFM 55.0069.03)]. The proofs of Theorem 2 is given in \S3 and that of Theorem 3 in \S4. The list of references contains \(17\) items.

Recommendations

• Extension of Laguerre polynomials with negative arguments. II
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• Some generalized Laguerre polynomials whose Galois groups are the alternating groups
• Extensions of Schur's irreducibility results
• On the Galois theory of generalized Laguerre polynomials and trimmed exponential

Cites work

• Algebraic Properties of a Family of Generalized Laguerre Polynomials
• Calculations for Bertrand's Postulate
• Generalizations of some irreducibility results by Schur
• Irreducibility and Galois groups of generalized Laguerre polynomials \(L_n^{(- 1 - n - r)}(x)\)
• Irreducibility of Laguerre polynomial \(L_n^{(-1-n-r)}(x)\)
• Lower bounds for the greatest prime factor of product of consecutive positive integers
• Number of prime divisors in a product of terms of an arithmetic progression
• On a certain family of generalized Laguerre polynomials
• On the largest prime factor of $x^{2}-1$
• Some \(\widetilde A_ n\)-extensions obtained from generalized Laguerre polynomials
• T. N. Shorey's influence in the theory of irreducible polynomials
• The greatest prime divisor of a product of consecutive integers
• The irreducibility of all but finitely many Bessel polynomials

Cited in

(7)

• Irreducibility of Laguerre polynomial \(L_n^{(-1-n-r)}(x)\)
• Extension of Laguerre polynomials with negative arguments. II
• Irreducibility of generalized Laguerre polynomials \(L_n^{(1/2+u)}(x^2)\) with \(-18 \leq u \leq -2\)
• Confluent functions, Laguerre polynomials and their (generalized) bilinear integrals
• Extensions of Schur's irreducibility results
• Irreducibility of extensions of Laguerre polynomials
• Divisibility properties of generalized Laguerre polynomials

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