Extension of Laguerre polynomials with negative arguments (Q2673084)

The authors study for \(n\geq 0\) and \(s\) a nonnegative integer, the generalized Laguerre polynomial \[ g(x):=g(x,n,s)=(-1)^nL_n^{(-n-s-1)}(x)=\sum_{j=0}^n\,a_j\,\frac{x^j}{j!}, \] with \[ a_j=\ \binom{n+s-j}{n-j}\hbox{ for }0\leq j\leq n. \] They are interested in the irreducibility of \(g(x)\) and of \[ G(x):= G(x,n,s)=\sum_{j=0}^n\,\pi_j\,\frac{x^j}{j!}\hbox{ where }\pi_j=b_ja_j \] with \(b_j\in\mathbb{Z}\) for \(0\leq j\leq n\) and \(|b_0|=1,\,|b_n|=1\). In the Introduction (\S1) a historical overview is given, along with the main results Theorem 2. (a) Let \(2\leq k\leq n/2\). Assume that \(G(x\) has a factor of degree \(k\geq 2\). Then \(s>1.9 k\) unless \((n,k,s)\in\{(10,5,4)\}\). (b) Assume that the assumptions of Theorem 2(a) are satisfied. Then \[ s> 1.99k\hbox { if }n\geq 48732 \] and for \(0<\phi < 1/9\) there exists a sufficiently large number \(N\), depending only on \(\phi\), such that \[ s> 2(1-2\phi)k\hbox{ for }n\geq N. \] Theorem 3. Assume that \(G(x)\) has a factor of degree \(k\geq 2\). Then \(s>92\) unless \[ \begin{matrix} (n,k,s)\in\{(4,2,7),4,2,23),(9,2,19),(9,2,47),(16,2,14),\qquad\qquad \\ \qquad\qquad (16,2,34),(16,2,89),(9,3,47),(16,3,19),(10,5,4)\}. \end{matrix} \] This can be seen as an extension of the original result by [\textit{I. Schur}, Sitzungsber. Preuß. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl. 1929, 125--136, 370--391 (1929; JFM 55.0069.03)]. The proofs of Theorem 2 is given in \S3 and that of Theorem 3 in \S4. The list of references contains \(17\) items.