Knot homologies in monopole and instanton theories via sutures

DOI10.4310/JSG.2021.V19.N6.A2MaRDI QIDQ2673136zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Zhenkun Li

Publication date 9 June 2022

Published in The Journal of Symplectic Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.06679

zbMATH Keywords

balanced sutured manifoldsDehn surgeryinstanton Floer homologyminus version of Floer homologymonopole Floer homologysurgery formulaU-map

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symplectic manifolds (general theory) (53D05) Symplectic aspects of Floer homology and cohomology (53D40) Knot theory (57K10)

Abstract: In this paper we construct possible candidates for the minus versions of monopole and instanton knot Floer homologies. For a null-homologous knot $KsubsetY$ and a base point $pinK$, we can associate the minus versions, $underline{mKHM}^{-}(Y,K,p)$ and $underline{mKHI}^{-}(Y,K,p)$, to the triple $(Y,K,p)$. We prove that a Seifert surface of $K$ induces a $mathbbZ$-grading, and there is an $U$-map on the minus versions, which is of degree $-1$. We also prove other basic properties of them. If $KsubsetY$ is not null-homologous but represents a torsion class, then we can also construct the corresponding minus versions for $(Y,K,p)$. We also proved a surgery-type formula relating the minus versions of a knot $K$ with those of the dual knot, when performing a Dehn surgery of large enough slope along $K$. The techniques developed in this paper can also be applied to compute the sutured monopole and instanton Floer homologies of any sutured solid tori.

Review text

There are two approaches to Floer homology of a 3-manifold \(Y\), the monopole/instanton one going back to Floer himself and simplified by Kronheimer and Mrowka, and Heegard's one developed by Ozsváth and Szabó. When relativized to pairs \((Y,K)\), where \(K\subset Y\) is a knot, Heegard Floer homology comes in four definitional versions, but some of their monopole/instanton counterparts are currently unknown. In this paper, the author constructs candidates for the minus version of Heegard Floer homology based on sutured homology of Kronheimer and Mrowka when \(K\) is a based null-homologous knot (an extension to torsion-class knots is unproblematic). The proof is inspired by the construction of \textit{J. B. Etnyre} et al. [Geom. Topol. 21, No. 3, 1469--1582 (2017; Zbl 1420.57035)] that uses a sequence of balanced sutured manifolds in the Heegard setting. Unlike Kutluhan's holonomy filtration construction of the to-version [\textit{Ç. Kutluhan}, in: Proceedings of the 19th Gökova geometry-topology conference, Gökova, Turkey, May 28 -- June 2, 2012. Somerville, MA: International Press; Gökova: Gökova Geometry-Topology Conferences. 1--42 (2013; Zbl 1306.57003)], which heavily relied on monopole specific techniques, the author's one is more geometric and is carried out uniformly in monopole and instanton settings. The homology is defined with values in the mod-2 Novikov ring, and a Seifert surface of the knot induces a \(\mathbb{Z}\)-grading on it. There is a \(U\)-map that lowers the degree by \(1\), and becomes an isomorphism for \(i<N_0\) with some \(N_0\). When \(Y=S^3\) and the Seifert surface realizes the genus \(g\) of \(K\) the degree-\(g\) homology group is proved to be non-trivial. A surgery formula relating the minus homology of a knot to that of its dual is also proved, by performing a Dehn surgery of large enough slope along the knot. The \(U\)-module structure of this Floer homology was later studied in the author's joint work with Ghosh and Wong (Tau invariants in monopole and instanton theories), where it was computed for all twist knots.

Recommendations

• Knots, sutures, and excision
• Decomposing sutured monopole and instanton Floer homologies
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Cited in

(18)

• Naturality in sutured monopole and instanton homology
• The cosmetic crossing conjecture for split links
• On Floer minimal knots in sutured manifolds
• A CONTACT INVARIANT IN SUTURED MONOPOLE HOMOLOGY
• Some computations on instanton knot homology
• The correspondence induced on the pillowcase by the earring tangle
• Instanton Floer homology, sutures, and Euler characteristics
• Instanton Floer homology, sutures, and Heegaard diagrams
• Sutured instanton homology and Heegaard diagrams
• On the tau invariants in instanton and monopole Floer theories
• Equivariant aspects of singular instanton Floer homology
• Instantons, special cycles and knot concordance
• Knot surgery formulae for instanton Floer homology. I: The main theorem
• Knot cobordism, torsion order and framed instanton homology
• 2-torsion in instanton Floer homology
• Knot surgery formulae for instanton Floer homology. II: Applications
• The guts of nearly fibered knots
• Knots, sutures, and excision

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