Knot Floer homology and integer surgeries

The authors prove that the knot Floer homology of a null-homologous knot \(K\) in an integral \(3\)-sphere contains enough information to recover the Heegaard--Floer homology of any manifold obtained by integral surgery on \(K\). The Heegaard--Floer homology is an invariant for all \(3\)-manifolds \(Y\) which has been defined in several variants by the authors in [\textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó}, Ann. Math. (2) 159, No. 3, 1027--1158 (2004; Zbl 1073.57009), ibid., 1159--1245 (2004; Zbl 1081.57013)]. It corresponds to the homology \(HF(Y)\) of a chain complex built from a Heegaard diagram for \(Y\). This chain complex splits as a direct sum over elements of \(\text{Spin}^c(Y)\). In the same papers, the authors proved an exact sequence relating \(HF(Y)\), \(HF(Y_1)\) and \(HF(Y_2)\), where \(Y_1\) and \(Y_2\) are obtained by surgery along a same knot in \(Y\) but for two different slopes which intersect exactly once. In [\textit{P. Ozsváth} and \textit{Z. Szabó}, Adv. Math. 186, 58--116 (2004; Zbl 1062.57019)], they also proved that any knot \(K\subset Y\) gives rise to a filtration on chain complexes whose graded homology \(HF(K,Y)\) is a knot invariant. This paper presents, for any integer \(n\in\mathbb{Z}^*\), an algebraic construction on \(HF(K,Y)\) which leads to a chain complex whose homology is isomorphic to \(HF\big(Y_n(K)\big)\). The construction coherently splits over \(\text{Spin}^c\big(Y_n(K)\big)\). Moreover, it determines the maps induced by the natural cobordisms between \(Y\) and \(Y_n(K)\). One step of this algebraic construction is, unfortunately, not explicit in general. However, it enables the authors to compute the Heegaard--Floer homology of \(\pm1\)-surgery on the torus knot \(T_{3,4}\), which was already known, and the reduced Floer homology with \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\)-coefficients of any non-trivial circle bundle over a Riemann surface. The introduction sets up the algebraic construction which can be sketchily described as the mapping cone of some folded and shifted projections defined on the direct sum of increasingly truncated copies of the initial chain complex. The second part is a brief review of Heegaard--Floer homology and integral surgeries on knots. It contains also a direct computation proving the statement for the unknot and the definition of the \(CF^+\) and \(HF^+\) type for \(\mathbb{Z}[U]\)-modules which are modeled on the properties of Heegaard-Floer chain complexes. Part three makes explicit the exact sequence for integral surgeries. The fourth part is the technical core of the paper. It begins by a complete statement of the main theorem which takes into account the different gradings. Then the authors prove the statement for \(n>0\), using the fact that the homologies of two \(CF^+\) type chain complexes are isomorphic if the kernels of the multiplication by \(U^{\delta +1}\), for \(\delta\in\mathbb{N}\) sufficiently large, have isomorphic homologies. Then, the result follows from suitable and careful applications of the exact sequence for large integer surgeries. Minor changes are outlined for an adaptation of the proof to the \(n<0\) case. Although trivial, the case \(n=0\) is also handled. Finally, the authors observe that the proof applies to any \(3\)-manifold when restricting to \(\text{Spin}^c\) structures with torsion first Chern class. In the last part, the main statement is used to compute the examples mentioned above.

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