Classification of trisections and the Generalized Property R Conjecture

DOI10.1090/PROC/13105MaRDI QIDQ2821758zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jeffrey Meier, Trent Schirmer, Alexander Zupan

Publication date 23 September 2016

Published in Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.06561

zbMATH Keywords

Dehn surgerygeneralized property R conjectureHeegaard-Kirby diagramtrisection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Differentiable structures in differential topology (57R55) Surgery and handlebodies (57R65)

Abstract: We show that the members of a large class of unbalanced four-manifold trisections are standard, and we present a family of trisections that is likely to include non-standard trisections of the four-sphere. As an application, we prove a stable version of the Generalized Property R Conjecture for $c$-component links with tunnel number at most $c$.

Review text

We call \(\natural^G(S^1\times D^{n-1})\) a \textit{genus \(G\), \(n\)-dimensional 1-handlebody}. \textit{Trisection} is a decomposition of a closed orientable smooth 4-manifold \(X\) into \(X=X_1\cup X_2\cup X_3\), where \(X_i\) is a genus \(k_i\) 4-dimensional 1-handlebody and satisfies the following conditions:NEWLINENEWLINE(1) If \(i\neq j\), then \(X_i\cap X_j\) is homeomorphic to a genus \(g\) 3-dimensional 1-handlebody.NEWLINENEWLINE(2) \(X_1\cap X_2\cap X_3\) is a genus \(g\) closed surface \(\Sigma_g\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe genus \(g\) is called \textit{genus of the trisection}. This decomposition is called a \textit{\((g;k_1,k_2,k_3)\)-trisection}. If \(k_1=k_2=k_3\), then the trisection is called \textit{balanced}, otherwise, \textit{unbalanced}.NEWLINENEWLINEIn [Geom. Topol. 20, No. 6, 3097--3132 (2016; Zbl 1372.57033)], \textit{D. T. Gay} and \textit{R. Kirby} proved that every closed orientable smooth 4-manifold admits a balanced trisection. This result is the starting point of trisection theory of 4-manifolds. Trisections were relatively recently (early in the 2010s) defined and developed, and it has been expected that through some kind of relationship between 4-manifold theory and Heegaard decomposition theory, many problems in both theories may be brought closer to solution. One candidate for this may be the Generalized Property R Conjecture:NEWLINENEWLINE[The Generalized Property R Conjecture] Suppose that \(L\) is a \(c\)-component link in \(S^3\) with an integral surgery to \(\#^c(S^1\times S^2)\). Then there is a sequence of handleslides transforming \(L\) into a \(c\)-component unlink.NEWLINENEWLINE\(S^4\) is the only 4-manifold admitting a genus zero trisection. There are three balanced genus one trisections, corresponding to \(\mathbb {C}P^2, \overline{\mathbb {C}P^2}\) and \(S^1\times S^3\). In addition, there are three unbalanced trisections of genus one corresponding to the three stabilizations of the genus zero trisection of \(S^4\). This article gives the following classification.NEWLINENEWLINE(Main result) Let \(X\) be a 4-manifold admitting a \((g;k_1,k_2,k_3)\)-trisection \(\mathcal{T}\). Let \(k'\) be \(\min\{k_2,k_3\}\). If \(k_1\geq g-1\), then \(X\) is diffeomorphic either to \(\#^{k'}(S^1\times S^3)\) or to the connected sum of \(\#^{k'}(S^1\times S^3)\) with one of \(\mathbb {C}P^2\) or \(\overline{\mathbb {C}P^2}\), and \(\mathcal{T}\) is the connected sum of genus one trisections.NEWLINENEWLINEAn important ingredient to prove this main result are results on the classification of Dehn surgeries between connected sums of \(S^1\times S^2\). The main theorem, in turn, again yields Dehn surgery results that are applicable to the Generalized Property R Conjecture:NEWLINENEWLINE(Corollary 1.3.) Suppose that \(L\) is a \(c\)-component link in \(\#^k(S^1\times S^2)\) with an integral framed surgery to \(\#^{c+k}(S^1\times S^2)\).NEWLINENEWLINE(1) If \(L\) has tunnel number \(c+k-1\), then \(L\) is a \(c\)-component \(0\)-framed unlink.NEWLINENEWLINE(2) If \(L\) has tunnel number \(c+k\), then there is a sequence of handleslides taking the split union of \(L\) with a \((k+1)\)-component \(0\)-framed unlink to a \((c+k+1)\)-component 0-framed unlink.NEWLINENEWLINEIn the case of \(k=0\), this result implies that any \(c\)-component link with tunnel number \(c-1\) satisfies the Generalized Property R Conjecture.

Recommendations

• Characterizing Dehn surgeries on links via trisections
• Genus-two trisections are standard
• Group trisections and smooth 4-manifolds
• Generalized property R and the Schoenflies conjecture
• An overview of property 2R

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