Nielsen equivalence and trisections

DOI10.1007/S10711-021-00617-YMaRDI QIDQ2230972zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gabriel Islambouli

Publication date 29 September 2021

Published in Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.06978

zbMATH Keywords

Heegaard splittingNielsen equivalencetrisection

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topology of 4-manifolds (57K40)

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to construct distinct trisections of the same genus on a fixed 4-manifold. For every $kgeq2$, we construct $2^k-1$ non-diffeomorphic $(3k,k)$-trisections on infinitely many 4-manifolds. Here, the manifolds are spun Seifert fiber spaces and the trisections come from Meier's spun trisections. The technique used to distinguish the trisections parallels an established technique for distinguishing Heegaard splittings. In particular, we show that the Nielsen classes of the generators of the fundamental group, obtained from spines of the 4-dimensional 1-handlebodies of the trisection, are isotopy invariants of the trisection. If we additionally consider the action of the automorphism group on the Nielsen classes, we obtain diffeomorphism invariants of trisections.

Review text

\textit{D. Gay} and \textit{R. Kirby} [Geom. Topol. 20, No. 6, 3097--3132 (2016; Zbl 1372.57033)] proved that every smooth, closed, oriented, connected 4-manifold admits a trisection. This is a decomposition into three 4-dimensional handlebodies glued along their boundaries with triple intersection a closed connected surface. Any two trisections of the same 4-manifold become isotopic after some number of stabilizations, an operation that increases the genera of the trisection pieces. The article under review proves the existence of 4-manifolds with non-equivalent trisections of minimal genus. More precisely, for every \(k\geq 2\), there are infinitely many manifolds with \(2^k-1\) non-diffeomorphic trisections of minimal genus equal to \(3k\). The main technique of this work is an algebraic invariant called the Nielsen class of the generating set of a group. Such an equivalence class is taken with respect to the elementary Nielsen transformations [\textit{J. Nielsen}, Math. Ann. 91, 169--209 (1924; JFM 50.0078.04)]. Nielsen classes were used before in [\textit{M. Boileau} et al., Ann. Inst. Fourier 41, No. 4, 1005--1024 (1991; Zbl 0734.57003); \textit{M. Lustig} and \textit{Y. Moriah}, Topology 30, No. 2, 191--204 (1991; Zbl 0726.55010)] to distinguish Heegaard splittings of the same 3-manifold. For a trisection of \(X=X_1\cup X_2\cup X_3\), there are three associated Nielsen classes of generators of \(\pi_1(x)\) corresponding to \(\pi_1(X_i)\), \(i=1,2,3\). The paper under review studies how the Nielsen classes of a given Heegaard splitting of a 3-manifold behave under Artin's spinning construction [\textit{E. Artin}, Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hamb. 4, 174--177 (1925; JFM 51.0450.02)]. The main result states that spinning a Heegaard splitting induces a correspondence between the Nielsen classes.

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Cited in

(10)

• Comparing 4-manifolds in the pants complex via trisections
• Trisections of 3-manifold bundles over \(S^1\)
• Bridge trisections and classical knotted surface theory
• Decompositions of the 3-sphere and lens spaces with three handlebodies
• Simplifying indefinite fibrations on 4-manifolds
• Trisections induced by the Gluck surgery along certain spun knots
• Trisecting a 4-dimensional book into three chapters
• Non-diffeomorphic minimal genus relative trisections of the same 4-manifold
• Infinitely many standard trisection diagrams for Gluck twisting
• Relative trisections of fiber bundles over the circle

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