Isotopies of surfaces in 4-manifolds via banded unlink diagrams

DOI10.2140/GT.2020.24.1519MaRDI QIDQ2004532zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mark C. Hughes, Maggie Miller, Seung Won Kim

Publication date 7 October 2020

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.09169

zbMATH Keywords

4-manifoldband movesbanded unlink diagrambridge trisectionKirby diagramknotted surfacesurfaceunit surface

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General topology of 4-manifolds (57K40) Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45)

Abstract: In this paper, we study surfaces embedded in $4$-manifolds. We give a complete set of moves relating banded unlink diagrams of isotopic surfaces in an arbitrary $4$-manifold. This extends work of Swenton and Kearton-Kurlin in $S^4$. As an application, we show that bridge trisections of isotopic surfaces in a trisected $4$-manifold are related by a sequence of perturbations and deperturbations, affirmatively proving a conjecture of Meier and Zupan. We also exhibit several isotopies of unit surfaces in $mathbbC{P}^2$ (i.e. spheres in the generating homology class), proving that many explicit unit surfaces are isotopic to the standard $mathbbC{P}^1$. This strengthens some previously known results about the Gluck twist in $S^4$, related to Kirby problem 4.23.

Review text

In this paper, the authors study a generalization of banded unlink diagrams to embedded surfaces in an arbitrary 4-manifold equipped with a Morse function, extending the work of \textit{F. J. Swenton} [J. Knot Theory Ramifications 10, No. 8, 1133--1141 (2001; Zbl 1001.57044)] and \textit{C. Kearton} and \textit{V. Kurlin} [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 8, No. 3, 1223--1247 (2008; Zbl 1151.57027)] for the case of \(S^4\). A band for a link \(L\) in a 3-manifold is an embedded 2-disk attached to \(L\) along two segments, and a banded unlink is the union of an unlink \(L\) and a family of disjoint bands for \(L\). The authors describe an embedded surface in a 4-manifold \(X\) by arranging it in banded unlink position, which satisfies that the intersections with the level sets of a given Morse function consist of disjoint unions of embedded disks and banded unlinks. And they represent a surface in banded unlink position by a banded unlink diagram, which is defined in terms of the Kirby diagram in \(S^3\) associated with \(X\), equipped with an unlink \(L\) and a family of bands for \(L\). The main results are as follows. The authors describe a set of moves on banded unlink diagrams, called band moves. Band moves consist of moves established by \textit{K. Yoshikawa} [Osaka J. Math. 31, No. 3, 497--522 (1994; Zbl 0861.57033)] for the case of \(S^4\), and several additional moves. They show that for a smooth 4-manifold \(X\) with a Kirby diagram, the embedded surfaces \(\Sigma\) and \(\Sigma'\) in \(X\) are isotopic if and only if their banded unlink diagrams are related by a finite sequence of band moves. This is shown by case analysis and using for some cases an argument analogous to the one due to Kearton and Kurlin [loc. cit.]. Using this result, the authors consider an embedded surface \(\Sigma\) via a bridge trisection of \(\Sigma\), and they affirmatively prove a conjecture of \textit{J. Meier} and \textit{A. Zupan} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 115, No. 43, 10880--10886 (2018; Zbl 1418.57017)]: for surfaces \(S\) and \(S'\) in bridge position with respect to a trisection \(\mathcal{T}\) of a closed 4-manifold \(X\), if \(S\) and \(S'\) are isotopic, then they are related by a sequence of perturbations and deperturbations, followed by a \(\mathcal{T}\)-regular isotopy. Further, they consider the case of unit surfaces in \(\mathbb{C}P^2\). A unit surface is a surface in \(\mathbb{C}P^2\) which intersects the standard \(\mathbb{C}P^1 \subset \mathbb{C}P^2\) in exactly one pont. In particular, they show that for a genus-\(g\) unit surface-knot \(F=S \# \mathbb{C}P^1 \subset \mathbb{C}P^2\), where \(S \subset S^4\) is an orientable surface that is \(0\)-concordant to a band-sum of twist-spun knots and unknotted surfaces, \(F\) is isotopic to the standard \(\mathbb{C}P^1\) trivially stabilized \(g\) times.

Recommendations

• Isotopy of surfaces in 4-manifolds after a single stabilization
• Surfaces in 4-manifolds: concordance, isotopy, and surgery
• Knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds and stabilizations
• Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in \(S^4\)
• Topology of surface diagrams of smooth 4-manifolds

Cites work

• A chord diagram of a ribbon surface-link
• A note on 4-dimensional handlebodies
• All 2-dimensional links in 4-space live inside a universal 3-dimensional polyhedron
• An enumeration of surfaces in four-space
• Band-sums are ribbon concordant to the connected sum
• Bridge and pants complexities of knots
• Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds
• Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in \(S^4\)
• Classification of trisections and the Generalized Property R Conjecture
• Deforming Twist-Spun Knots
• Gluck twist on a certain family of 2-knots
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1113397 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3798680 (Why is no real title available?)
• Knots in the 4-sphere
• Non-orientable surfaces in 4-space
• On a 2-knot group with nontrivial center
• ON A CALCULUS FOR 2-KNOTS AND SURFACES IN 4-SPACE
• On ribbon 2-knots: The 3-manifold bounded by the 2-knots
• REIDEMEISTER MOVES FOR SURFACE ISOTOPIES AND THEIR INTERPRETATION AS MOVES TO MOVIES
• Surfaces in 4-manifolds: concordance, isotopy, and surgery
• The 4-dimensional light bulb theorem
• The Embedding of Two-Spheres in the Four-Sphere
• The topology of four-dimensional manifolds
• Trisecting 4-manifolds
• Twist-Roll Spun Knots
• Twisting Spun Knots

Cited in

(20)

• Symplectic surfaces and bridge position
• Gluck twisting roll spun knots
• Trisection diagrams and twists of 4-manifolds
• Flattening knotted surfaces
• Surfaces in 4-manifolds: concordance, isotopy, and surgery
• Topology of surface diagrams of smooth 4-manifolds
• Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in \(S^4\)
• Low-dimensional topology. Abstracts from the workshop held January 15--21, 2023
• Kirby–Thompson distance for trisections of knotted surfaces
• Unchaining surgery, branched covers, and pencils on elliptic surfaces
• Filling braided links with trisected surfaces
• Branched covers and pencils on hyperelliptic Lefschetz fibrations
• Shadows of 2-knots and complexity
• A group-theoretic framework for low-dimensional topology, or: how not to study low-dimensional topology?
• Band diagrams of immersed surfaces in 4-manifolds
• n-knots in S^n S^2 and contractible (n+3)-manifolds
• Embedded surface invariants via the Broda-Petit construction
• Hexagonal lattice diagrams for complex curves in \(\mathbb{CP}^2\)
• For exotic surfaces with boundary, one stabilization is not enough
• Kirby-Thompson invariants of distant sums of standard surfaces

This page was built for publication: Isotopies of surfaces in 4-manifolds via banded unlink diagrams

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2004532)