Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in S^4

DOI10.1090/TRAN/6934zbMATH Open1376.57025arXiv1507.08370OpenAlexW2246963740MaRDI QIDQ5348740FDOQ5348740

Authors: Jeffrey Meier, Alexander Zupan 

Publication date: 21 August 2017

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We introduce bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in the four-sphere. This description is inspired by the work of Gay and Kirby on trisections of four-manifolds and extends the classical concept of bridge splittings of links in the three-sphere to four dimensions. We prove that every knotted surface in the four-sphere admits a bridge trisection (a decomposition into three simple pieces) and that any two bridge trisections for a fixed surface are related by a sequence of stabilizations and destabilizations. We also introduce a corresponding diagrammatic representation of knotted surfaces and describe a set of moves that suffice to pass between two diagrams for the same surface. Using these decompositions, we define a new complexity measure: the bridge number of a knotted surface. In addition, we classify bridge trisections with low complexity, we relate bridge trisections to the fundamental groups of knotted surface complements, and we prove that there exist knotted surfaces with arbitrarily large bridge number.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08370

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zbMATH Keywords

stabilizationstable equivalencebridge splittingsbridge trisections

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

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Cited In (31)

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• Bridge trisections in \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) and the Thom conjecture
• Symplectic surfaces and bridge position
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