Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in S^4

DOI10.1090/TRAN/6934MaRDI QIDQ5348740zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jeffrey Meier, Alexander Zupan

Publication date 21 August 2017

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.08370

zbMATH Keywords

stabilizationstable equivalencebridge splittingsbridge trisections

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: We introduce bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in the four-sphere. This description is inspired by the work of Gay and Kirby on trisections of four-manifolds and extends the classical concept of bridge splittings of links in the three-sphere to four dimensions. We prove that every knotted surface in the four-sphere admits a bridge trisection (a decomposition into three simple pieces) and that any two bridge trisections for a fixed surface are related by a sequence of stabilizations and destabilizations. We also introduce a corresponding diagrammatic representation of knotted surfaces and describe a set of moves that suffice to pass between two diagrams for the same surface. Using these decompositions, we define a new complexity measure: the bridge number of a knotted surface. In addition, we classify bridge trisections with low complexity, we relate bridge trisections to the fundamental groups of knotted surface complements, and we prove that there exist knotted surfaces with arbitrarily large bridge number.

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Cited in

(31)

• Trisections of surface complements and the Price twist
• Bridge trisections in \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) and the Thom conjecture
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