Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1717171115zbMATH Open1418.57017arXiv1710.01745OpenAlexW2964219631WikidataQ57799474 ScholiaQ57799474MaRDI QIDQ5222811FDOQ5222811

Alexander Zupan, Jeffrey Meier

Publication date: 3 July 2019

Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove that every smoothly embedded surface in a 4--manifold can be isotoped to be in bridge position with respect to a given trisection of the ambient 4--manifold; that is, after isotopy, the surface meets components of the trisection in trivial disks or arcs. Such a decomposition, which we call a emph{generalized bridge trisection}, extends the authors' definition of bridge trisections for surfaces in $S^4$. Using this new construction, we give diagrammatic representations called emph{shadow diagrams} for knotted surfaces in 4--manifolds. We also provide a low-complexity classification for these structures and describe several examples, including the important case of complex curves inside $mathbb{CP}^2$. Using these examples, we prove that there exist exotic 4--manifolds with $(g,0)$--trisections for certain values of $g$. We conclude by sketching a conjectural uniqueness result that would provide a complete diagrammatic calculus for studying knotted surfaces through their shadow diagrams.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.01745

zbMATH Keywords

4-manifoldknotted surfacetrisectioncomplex curvebridge trisectionshadow diagram

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cited In (25)

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• Bounding the Kirby-Thompson invariant of spun knots
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• VOA[M4]
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• MATRIX-MFO tandem workshop: Invariants and structures in low-dimensional topology. Abstracts from the MATRIX-MFO tandem workshop held September 5--11, 2021 (hybrid meeting)
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