Equality in Hausdorff-Young for hypergroups
(L^p)-spaces and other function spaces on groups, semigroups, etc. (43A15) Harmonic analysis on hypergroups (43A62) General theory of locally convex spaces (46A03) Interpolation between normed linear spaces (46B70) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)
In the classical setting, the basic uncertainty principle simply states that for a function $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$, both $f$ and its Fourier transform $\widehat{f}$ cannot be compactly supported. For a complete characterization of abelian groups which obey the basic uncertainty principle, one can look into the criteria for which equality is attained in the Hausdorff-Young inequality: \[ \|\widehat{f}\|_q \leq \|f\|_p,\text{ for }f\in L^p(G),\ 1<p<2\text{ and }\tfrac{1}{p}+\tfrac{1}{q}=1.\tag{1} \] In this article, the authors mainly focus on investigating when equality is attained in the Hausdorff-Young inequality for a commutative hypergroup, and thereby providing a certain characterization of commutative hypergroups which obey the basic uncertainty principle, in terms of the best constant attained in Equation (1). One of the main results states that for any commutative hypergroup $K$, if a non-trivial function $f\in L^p(K)$ attains equality in the Hausdorff-Young inequality for some $p\in (1,2)$, then the supports of both $f$ and $\widehat{f}$ are compact open subsets of $K$ and $\widehat{K}$, respectively. The authors also provide a certain characterization in the class of all commutative hypergroups with non-trivial center (with respect to a Haar measure). Such a hypergroup will not follow the basic uncertainty principle if and only if it admits a non-trivial function $f$ such that $\|\widehat{f}\|_q =\|f\|_p$ for some $p\in (1,2)$, $\tfrac{1}{p}+\tfrac{1}{q}=1$, i.e., $1$ is the best constant in the Hausdorff-Young inequality for some $p\in (1,2)$. It can be inferred that hypergroups that are either compact or discrete or certain joins will not follow the basic uncertainty principle.
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