Generalized fractional differential systems with Stieltjes boundary conditions

DOI10.1007/S12346-022-00703-WMaRDI QIDQ2677752zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 6 January 2023

Published in Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s12346-022-00703-w

fixed point theorems fractional differential equations generalized fractional integral and derivative solutions

Fractional ordinary differential equations (34A08) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) Applications of operator theory to differential and integral equations (47N20)

Review text

The existence and uniqueness of solution for a system of nonlinear generalized fractional differential equations of different orders on the bounded interval \([0,T]\) subject to a nonlocal boundary condition containing Riemann-Stieltjes and generalized fractional derivatives integral operators were considered in this work. Two fixed point theorems were were used by the authors. The Leray-Schauder alternative was used to prove existence of solution while the Banach contraction mapping theorem was used to prove the uniqueness of the solution for the boundary value problem. The authors defined two Banach spaces \(X\) and \(Y\) and an operator \(\mathcal{F}: X \times Y \to X \times Y\) as \(\mathcal{F}(u,v)(t)(t)=(\mathcal{F}_1(u,v)(t),\mathcal{F}_2(u,v)(t))\). Two theorems were used by the authors to prove the main results. Theorem 1 considered the uniqueness of solution while Theorem 2 considered the existence of solution. In Theorem 1, the authors used two functions of bounded variations \(H_1, H_2:[0,T] \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\), two continuous functions \(f, g \in C([0,T] \times \mathbb{R}^3,\mathbb{R})\) and assumed the existence of two positive constants \(L_f\) and \(L_g\) whose values are expected to be less then \(\frac{1}{2}\) so that \(L_f + L_g <1\). The operator \(\mathcal{F}\), was shown to be a contraction operator. Hence, by the contraction mapping theorem, \(\mathcal{F}\) has a unique fixed point. This implies a unique solution of the system of nonlinear generalized fractional differential equations exists on \([0,T]\). In Theorem 2, the authors addresses the issue of existence of solutions using the Leray-Schauder alternative. The conditions for existence of solution is state and proved. The proof is done in three steps. Firstly, an operator \(\mathcal{F}\) is shown to be uniformly bounded, then completely continuous and finally, shown to be bounded. The conclusion of existence of at least one fixed point which corresponds to at least one solution follows from the Leray-Schauder alternative. The study concludes with two examples to demonstrate the results that have been obtained in the study.

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