Well-posedness of dispersion managed nonlinear Schrödinger equations

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2022.126938MaRDI QIDQ2685232zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mi-Ran Choi, Dirk Hundertmark, Young-Ran Lee

Publication date 20 February 2023

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.09076

dispersion management nonlocal NLS orbital stability well-posedness

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Time-dependent Schrödinger equations and Dirac equations (35Q41) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) PDEs in connection with optics and electromagnetic theory (35Q60) Lasers, masers, optical bistability, nonlinear optics (78A60)

Review text

The authors consider the following dispersion managed nonlinear Schrödinger equation, also known as Gabitov-Turitsyn equation, \[ i\partial_t u +d_{\mathrm{av}}\partial_x^2 u +\int_{\mathbb R}T_r^{-1}\left( P(T_ru)\right)\psi(r)dr,\quad u_{\mid t=0}=u_0,\tag{1} \] where \(x\in \mathbb R\), \(d_{\mathrm{av}}\in \mathbb R\) is a constant which may or may not be zero according to the origin of the model in optics, \(T_r=e^{ir\partial_x^2}\) is the Schrödinger evolution group at time \(r\), \(P(z)=h(|z|)z\) is the nonlinearity, and \(\psi\ge 0\) is a probability density (hence \(\psi\in L^1(\mathbb R)\)), connected to the local periodic dispersion profile in optics. According to various assumptions on the nonlinearity \(h\), the average dispersion \(d_{\mathrm{av}}\) (\(d_{\mathrm{av}}=0\) or \(d_{\mathrm{av}}\not=0\)), and possibly extra integrability conditions on \(\psi\), the authors first show several results regarding the local and the global Cauchy problem (1), for \(u_0\in L^2(\mathbb R)\) or \(u_0\in H^1(\mathbb R)\). The nonlinear term is estimated thanks to (homogeneous) Strichartz estimates, and Hölder inequality. Based on the nonlinear estimates, the Cauchy problem is studied via a fixed point argument based on Duhamel's formula. Globalization is based on the conservation of the mass (\(\|u(t)\|_{L^2}^2\)) and of the energy \begin{align*} E(u(t))&=\frac{d_{\mathrm{av}}}{2}\|\partial_x u(t)\|_{L^2}^2- \iint_{\mathbb R^2} V\left(|T_r(u(t)|\right)dx\psi(r)dr,\\ &\text{where } V(a)=\int_0^aP(s)ds=\int_0^ah(s)sds. \end{align*} In a final section, the authors analyze the set of energy minimizers, \[ S_\lambda^{d_{\mathrm{av}}}=\{f\in X,\quad E(f) = E_\lambda^{d_{\mathrm{av}}},\ \|f\|_{L^2}^2=\lambda\}, \] where \[ E_\lambda^{d_{\mathrm{av}}}=\inf\{ E(f),\ f\in X,\ \|f\|_{L^2}^2=\lambda\}, \] with \(X=L^2\) in the absence of dispersion \(d_{\mathrm{av}}=0\), and \(X=H^1\) otherwise (in which case the signs of \(d_{\mathrm{av}}\) and the nonlinearity \(P\) must be related adequately so the above variational problem is nontrivial). Under yet different assumptions on the nonlinearity and the weight \(\psi\), the authors establish the existence of minimizers (ground states), and their orbital stability under the flow of (1), following the general strategy of Cazenave and Lions.

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