Non-tangential limits, fine limits and the Dirichlet integral

Let \({\mathcal D}\) denote the collection of all harmonic functions \(h\) on the unit ball \(B\) of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) such that \(\int_B|\nabla h(x)|^2 dx<+\infty\). The author characterizes those subsets \(E\) of \(B\) with the property that \(\sup_E h=\sup_Bh\) for all \(h\in D\). Let \({\mathcal C}\) denote Newtonian (logarithmic if \(n=2)\) capacity on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and let \(E_{NT}\) be the (Borel) set of points in \(\partial B\) that can be approached non-tangentially by a sequence in \(E\). It is shown that \(E\) has the above-mentioned property if and only if \({\mathcal C}(E_{NT})= {\mathcal C}(\partial B)\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe paper also contains results about non-tangential and fine cluster sets of functions on \(B\). If \(f:B\to [-\infty, +\infty]\) and \(z\in\partial B\), then the non-tangential cluster set \(C_{NT}(f,z)\) is the set of \(\ell\) in \([-\infty, +\infty]\) with the property that \(f(x_k)\to\ell\) for some sequence \((x_k)\) in \(B\) that approaches \(z\) non-tangentially. The fine cluster set \(C_F(f,z)\) is the set of \(\ell\) such that \(f^{-1}(N)\) is non-thin at \(z\) for each neighbourhood \(N\) of \(\ell\) in \([-\infty, +\infty]\). It is shown that for any function \(f:B\to [-\infty, +\infty]\) there exists a Euclidean-\(G_\delta\) set \(A\subseteq\partial B\) such that \({\mathcal C}(A)={\mathcal C}(\partial B)\) and \(C_F(f,z)\subseteq C_{NT}(f,z)\) for each \(z\in A\). On the other hand, if \(A\) is a Euclidean-\(G_\delta\) subset of \(\partial B\) and \({\mathcal C}(A)={\mathcal C}(\partial B)\), then there is a harmonic function \(h\) on \(B\) such that \(C_F(h,z)= [-\infty, +\infty]\) and \(C_{NT}(h,z)= \{0\}\) for each \(z\in \partial B\setminus A\).

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