Asymptotic behavior for a one-dimensional nonlocal diffusion equation in exterior domains

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Integro-partial differential equations (45K05) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09) Asymptotics of solutions to integral equations (45M05)

Abstract: We study the long time behavior of solutions to the nonlocal diffusion equation

p a r t i a l_{t} u = J * u - u

in an exterior one-dimensional domain, with zero Dirichlet data on the complement. In the far field scale,

x i_{1} l e | x | t^{- 1 / 2} l e x i_{2}

,

x i_{1}, x i_{2} > 0

, this behavior is given by a multiple of the dipole solution for the local heat equation with a diffusivity determined by

J

. However, the proportionality constant is not the same on

m a t h b b R_{+}

and

m a t h b b R_{-}

: it is given by the asymptotic first momentum of the solution on the corresponding half line, which can be computed in terms of the initial data. In the near field scale,

| x | l e t^{1 / 2} h (t)

,

l i m_{t o i n f t y} h (t) = 0

, the solution scaled by a factor

t^{3 / 2} / (| x | + 1)

converges to a stationary solution of the problem that behaves as

b^{p} m x

as

x o p m i n f t y

. The constants

b^{p} m

are obtained through a matching procedure with the far field limit. In the very far field,

| x | g e t^{1 / 2} g (t)

,

g (t) o i n f t y

, the solution has order

o (t^{- 1})

.

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