Persistence of superconductivity in thin shells beyond H_c₁

Abstract: In Ginzburg-Landau theory, a strong magnetic field is responsible for the breakdown of superconductivity. This work is concerned with the identification of the region where superconductivity persists, in a thin shell superconductor modeled by a compact surface

m a t h c a l M s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{3}

, as the intensity

h

of the external magnetic field is raised above

H_{c 1}

. Using a mean field reduction approach devised by Sandier and Serfaty as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter

k a p p a

goes to infinity, we are led to studying a two-sided obstacle problem. We show that superconductivity survives in a neighborhood of size

(H_{c 1} / h)^{1 / 3}

of the zero locus of the normal component

H

of the field. We also describe intermediate regimes, focusing first on a symmetric model problem. In the general case, we prove that a striking phenomenon we call freezing of the boundary takes place: one component of the superconductivity region is insensitive to small changes in the field.

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