Hierarchical construction of bounded solutions in critical regularity spaces

Abstract: We construct uniformly bounded solutions for the equations

e x t d i v, U = f

and

e x t c u r l, U = F

in the critical cases

f i n L^{d} (T^{d}, R)

, and respectively,

F i n L^{3} (T^{3}, R^{3})

. Criticality in this context, manifests itself by the lack of linear solution operator mapping

L^{d}

to

L^{i} n f t y (T^{d})

, Bourgain & Brezis cite{BB03,BB07}. Thus, the intriguing aspect here is that although the problems are linear, the construction of their solution is not. Our constructions are special cases of a general framework for solving linear equations of the form

T, U = f

, where

T

is a linear operator densely defined in Banach space

B

with a closed range in a (proper subspace) of Lebesgue space

L^{p} (O m e g a)

, and with an injective dual

T^{*}

. The solutions are realized in terms of a multiscale {em hierarchical representation},

U = s u m_{j = 1}^{i} n f t y u_{j}

, interesting for its own sake. Here, the

u_{j}

's are constructed recursively as minimizers of

u_{j + 1} = e x t {a r g i n f}_{u} | u |_{B} + l a m b d a_{j + 1} | r_{j} - T u |_{L^{p}}^{p}

, where the residuals

r_{j} := f - T (s u m_{k = 1}^{j} u_{k})

are resolved in terms of a dyadic sequence of scales

l a m b d a_{j + 1} = l a m b d a_{1} 2^{j}

with sufficiently large

l a m b d a_{1}

. The nonlinear aspect of this construction is a counterpart of the fact that one cannot linearly solve

T U = f

in critical spaces.

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