Energy of surface states for 3D magnetic Schrödinger operators

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics (35Q40)

Abstract: We establish a semi-classical formula for the sum of eigenvalues of a magnetic Schrodinger operator in a three-dimensional domain with compact smooth boundary and Neumann boundary conditions. The eigenvalues we consider have eigenfunctions localized near the boundary of the domain, hence they correspond to surface states. Using relevant coordinates that straighten out the boundary, the leading order term of the energy is described in terms of the eigenvalues of model operators in the half-axis and the half-plane.

Review text

Let \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3\) be an interior or exterior domain with compact and smooth boundary \(\partial \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3\). Let also \(h>0\) and \(\mathbf{A} \in C^\infty(\bar{\Omega};\mathbb{R}^3)\) be a magnetic vector potential such that \(b:=\inf_{x\in\bar{\Omega}}|\operatorname{curl}\mathbf{A}(x)|>0\). In the Hilbert space \(L^2(\Omega)\), consider the Neumann Schrödinger operator with magnetic field \[ \mathcal{P}_h = (-\text{i}h\nabla + \mathbf{A})^2. \] The main result in the paper under review is a semi-classical formula for the sum of eigenvalues of \(\mathcal{P}_h\). The leading order term is described by means of the eigenvalues of auxiliary operators on the semi-axis and the half-plane. This result can be seen as a generalization of the results for two-dimansional Schrödinger operators from [\textit{S. Fournais} and \textit{A. Kachmar}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 80, No. 1, 233--255 (2009; Zbl 1179.35203)].

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