Energy of surface states for 3D magnetic Schrödinger operators (Q282831)

Let \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3\) be an interior or exterior domain with compact and smooth boundary \(\partial \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^3\). Let also \(h>0\) and \(\mathbf{A} \in C^\infty(\bar{\Omega};\mathbb{R}^3)\) be a magnetic vector potential such that \(b:=\inf_{x\in\bar{\Omega}}|\operatorname{curl}\mathbf{A}(x)|>0\). In the Hilbert space \(L^2(\Omega)\), consider the Neumann Schrödinger operator with magnetic field \[ \mathcal{P}_h = (-\text{i}h\nabla + \mathbf{A})^2. \] The main result in the paper under review is a semi-classical formula for the sum of eigenvalues of \(\mathcal{P}_h\). The leading order term is described by means of the eigenvalues of auxiliary operators on the semi-axis and the half-plane. This result can be seen as a generalization of the results for two-dimansional Schrödinger operators from [\textit{S. Fournais} and \textit{A. Kachmar}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 80, No. 1, 233--255 (2009; Zbl 1179.35203)].