Magnetic bottles in connection with superconductivity (Q5952330)

Let \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^2\) be an open set, and let \(P_{h,A,\Omega}=(hD_{x_1}-A_1)^2+ (hD_{x_2}-A_2)^2,\) where \(h>0\) is a small parameter. In this paper, the authors treat in a systematic way and sharpen some results present in the literature on the lowest eigenvalue of \(P_{h,A,\Omega}\) in the Dirichlet and Neumann realizations, respectively, and give accurate estimates on the localization of the ground-state in the case of the Neumann realization. In particular, they prove the following result conjectured by \textit{A. Bernoff} and \textit{P. Sternberg} [J. Math. Phys. 39, 1272--1284 (1998; Zbl 1056.82523)]. Theorem: Suppose that the magnetic field \(B=\partial_{x_1}A_2-\partial_{x_2}A_1\) is a non-zero constant. Then any normalized ground-state of the Neumann realization of \(P_{h,A,\Omega}\) is exponentially localized as \(h\to 0\) in the neighborhood of the points of the boundary \(\partial\Omega\) with maximal curvature. In the final section of the paper, they indicate a number of interesting open problems.