Distances between homotopy classes of W^s,p(S^N;S^N)^

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Publication:2835357



Abstract: We introduce an equivalence relation on Ws,p(mathbbSN;mathbbSN) involving the topological degree, and we evaluate the distances (in the usual sense and in the Hausdorff sense) between the equivalence classes. In some special cases we even obtain exact formulas.


The article deals with homotopy classes of discontinuous maps in \({\mathbb S}^N\). As is known, for a discontinuous map \(f:\;{\mathbb S}^N \to {\mathbb S}^N\) the degree is defined by Kronecker's formula NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\text{deg}\, f = \int_{{\mathbb S}^N} \text{det}\, (\nabla f).NEWLINE\]NEWLINE This definition is correct only under some assumptions about the character of gaps of \(f\); in the article the considered maps are from \(W^{s,p}({\mathbb S}^N,{\mathbb S}^N)\). More precisely, the following classes of maps from \(W^{s,p}({\mathbb S}^N,{\mathbb S}^N)\) are studied: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE{\mathcal E}_d := \{f \in W^{s,p} \in W^{s,p}({\mathbb S}^N,{\mathbb S}^N):\;\text{deg}\, f = d\}, \quad d \in {\mathbb Z}.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The main aim of the article is to calculate or estimate the two quantities NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\text{dist}_{W^{s,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2}) = \inf_{f \in {\mathcal E}_{d_1}} \inf_{g \in {\mathcal E}_{d_2}}\;d_{W^{s,p}}(f,g)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\text{Dist}_{W^{s,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2}) = \sup_{f \in {\mathcal E}_{d_1}} \inf_{g \in {\mathcal E}_{d_2}}\;d_{W^{s,p}} (f,g)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE (\(d_{W^{s,p}}(f,g) = \|f - g\|_{W^{s,p}}\)) and also the Hausdorff distance \(H\text{-}\,\text{dist}_{W^{1/p,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2})\). For \(N = 1\), it is proved (1) the formula NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\text{dist}_{W^{1,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2}) = 2^{(1/p)+1} \pi^{(1/p)-1} |d_1 - d_2|, \quad d_1, d_2 \in {\mathbb Z},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and it is described when this infimum is achieved or not, (2) some estimates for \(\text{dist}_{W^{s,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2})\) with \(s > 1\) and, in particular, the equality \(\text{dist}_{W^{1/p,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2}) = 0\), (3) similar statements for the Hausdorff distance between \({\mathcal E}_{d_1}\) and \({\mathcal E}_{d_2}\). Similar results are obtained for \(N \geq 2\). The authors also state three open problems, in particular, the question about the equality \(\text{dist}_{W^{s,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2}) = \text{Dist}_{W^{s,p}}({\mathcal E}_{d_1},{\mathcal E}_{d_2})\).











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