Nonlocality, asymmetry, and distinguishing bipartite states

DOI10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.89.147901MaRDI QIDQ2837650zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jonathan Walgate, Lucien Hardy

Publication date 11 July 2013

Published in Physical Review Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0202034

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum information, communication, networks (quantum-theoretic aspects) (81P45)

Abstract: Entanglement is an useful resource because some global operations cannot be locally implemented using classical communication. We prove a number of results about what is and is not locally possible. We focus on orthogonal states, which can always be globally distinguished. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a general set of 2x2 quantum states to be locally distinguishable, and for a general set of 2xn quantum states to be distinguished given an initial measurement of the qubit. These results reveal a fundamental asymmetry to nonlocality, which is the origin of ``nonlocality without entanglement, and we present a very simple proof of this phenomenon.

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