Projections of planar sets in well-separated directions

Abstract: First, let

K s u b s e t B (0, 1) s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{2}

be a set with

m a t h c a l H_{i n f t y}^{1} (K) s i m 1

, and write

p i_{e} (K)

for the orthogonal projection of

K

into the line spanned by

e i n S^{1}

. For

1 / 2 l e q s < 1

, write

E_{s} := {e : N(pi_{e}(K),delta) leq delta^{-s}},

where

N (A, r)

is the

r

-covering number of the set

A

. It is well-known -- and essentially due to R. Kaufman -- that

N (E_{s}, d e l t a) l e s s a p p r o x d e l t a^{- s}

. Using the polynomial method, I prove that

N(E_{s},r) lessapprox minleft{delta^{-s}left(frac{delta}{r} ight)^{1/2},r^{-1} ight}, quad delta leq r leq 1.

I construct examples showing that the exponents in the bound are sharp for

d e l t a l e q r l e q d e l t a^{s}

. The second theorem concerns projections of

1

-Ahlfors-David regular sets. Let

A g e q 1

and

1 / 2 l e q s < 1

be given. I prove that, for

p = p (A, s) i n m a t h b b N

large enough, the finite set of unit vectors

S_{p} := e^{2 p i i k / p} : 0 l e q k < p

has the following property. If

K s u b s e t B (0, 1)

is non-empty and

1

-Ahlfors-David regular with regularity constant at most

A

, then

frac{1}{p} sum_{e in S_{p}} N(pi_{e}(K),delta) geq delta^{-s}

for all small enough

d e l t a > 0

. In particular,

o v e r l i n e {d i m}_{e x t B} p i_{e} (K) g e q s

for some

e i n S_{p}

.

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