Generic pseudogroups on ( C , 0) and the topology of leaves
This paper studies subgroups of the group \(\mathrm{Diff}(\mathbb{C},0)\) of germs at the origin of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of the complex plane, with applications to the study of the topology of the leaves of local singular holomorphic foliations in \(\mathbb{C}^2\). The main result is that a generic finitely generated subgroup of \(\mathrm{Diff}(\mathbb{C},0)\) is free even if the class of conjugacy of the generators is fixed. More precisely, let \(f_1,\dots, f_k\in\mathrm{Diff}(\mathbb{C},0)\) be given and denote by \(G_j\) the (finite or infinite) cyclic subgroup generated by \(f_j\). Then for every \(\alpha\in\mathbb{N}\) there exists a \(G_\delta\)-dense set \(\mathcal{V}\) in \(\bigl(\mathrm{Diff}_\alpha(\mathbb{C},0)\bigr)^k\) such that for every \((h_1,\dots,h_k)\in\mathcal{V}\) the subgroup generated by \(h_1^{-1}\circ f_1\circ h_1,\dots,h_k^{-1}\circ f_k\circ h_k\) is isomorphic to the free product \(G_1*\cdots*G_k\). Here \(\mathrm{Diff}_\alpha(\mathbb{C},0)\) denotes the subgroup of germs of diffeomorphisms tangent to the identity to order \(\alpha\), endowed with the analytic topology introduced by Takens, which possesses the Baire property. The authors are also able to give a more precise statement in terms of pseudogroups, replacing germs by representatives (and assuming that none of the \(f_j\) has a Cremer point at the origin).NEWLINENEWLINEAs an application the authors show that a generic local nilpotent singular foliation in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) with a unique separatrix admits at most countably many non-simply connected leaves. More precisely, let \(X\) be the germ of a holomorphic vector field in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) with an isolated singularity at the origin and having a cusp \(S=\{w^2+z^{2n+1}=0\}\) as unique separatrix (i.e., \(X\) has an \(A^{2n+1}\)-singularity in Arnol'd's terminology). Then for any \(N\in\mathbb{N}\) there exists a germ of vector field \(X_N\) with the same \(N\)-jet as \(X\) at the origin, having \(S\) as separatrix, and such that there exists a fundamental system of open neighborhoods \(\{U_j\}\) of \(S\) inside a closed ball \(\overline{B(O,R)}\) so that for all \(j\)'s the leaves of the foliation induced by \(X_N\) in \(U_j\setminus S\) are all simply connected except for at most a countable set of exceptions.
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