The Lüroth semigroup of a plane curve C over F_q and the primitive set of P C( F_q)
Let \(C\) be a non-singular, projective, geometrically connected algebraic curve defined over a field \(k\). The Lüroth semigroup of \(C\) (relative to \(k\)) is the set \(L(C,k)\) of non-negative integers \(\alpha\) such that \(\alpha=0\) or there exists a degree \(\alpha\) morphism \(C\to \mathbb P^1\) defined over \(k\) (cf. [\textit{T. T. Moh} and \textit{W. Heinzer}, J. Algebra 77, 62--73 (1982; Zbl 0533.14010)]; [\textit{S. Greco} and \textit{G. Raciti}, Pac. J. Math. 151, No. 1, 43--56 (1990; Zbl 0691.14022)]; [\textit{M. Coppens}, J. Algebr. Geom. 4, No. 1, 1--15 (1995; Zbl 0842.14020)]; [\textit{E. Ballico}, Arab J. Math. Sci. 19, No. 2, 145--149 (2013; Zbl 1274.14036)]). As a matter of fact, \(L(C,k)\) is a semigroup if \(k\) is infinite, and in this case \(L(C,k)=L(C,\bar k)\). In general, \(L(C,k)\) has been computed in a few cases only, e.g. if \(C\) is hyperelliptic or if \(C\) is plane (loc. cit.). We notice that \(L(C,k)\supseteq W(C,P)\), the Weierstrass semigroup at \(P\).NEWLINENEWLINENext, suppose that \(C\) is a plane curve of degree \(d\geq 4\) defined over a field \(k\) such that \(C(k)\neq\emptyset\). The main result of the paper under review is a geometrical way of computing elements of \(L(C,k)\): let \(P\in C(k)\) and let \(\{L_i\}\) be a set of \(\alpha\) lines such that each \(L_i\) intersects \(C\) transversally at \(P\). Let \(\beta\) be an integer with \(\beta\geq\alpha\) and suppose that \(\#(L_i\cap C(k))\geq \beta+2-i\) for \(i=1,\ldots,\alpha\). If \(y\) is an integer so that \(0\leq y\leq (2\beta+1-\alpha)/\alpha\), then \(\beta d-y\in L(C,k)\).NEWLINENEWLINENow let \(C\) be the Hermitian curve \(y^{q+1}=x^q+x\) which is defined over the finite field \(k\) of order \(q^2\). As a nice application of this result one can compute several elements of \(L(C,k)\). According to the computation of the Weierstrass semigroup \(W(C,P)\) in [\textit{A. Garcia} and \textit{P. Viana}, Arch. Math. 46, 315--322 (1986; Zbl 0575.14014)], we point out that in fact \(L(C,k)\neq \cup_{P\in C}W(C,P)\). Finally, the author computes the so-called primitive set \(W'(C,P)\) at \(P\in C(k)\). As the canonical divisor of \(C\) is defined by the point \(P\), one is looking in fact for the integers \(t\) such that \(t, 2g-2-t \in W(C,P)\). After applying again the main result of this paper, \(W'(C,P)\) is computed; we should observe that the same result is obtained if we use the computation of \(W(C,P)\) mentioned above (loc. cit.).
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