Gauge covariance and spin-current conservation in the gauge-field formulation of systems with spin-orbit coupling

DOI10.1088/1751-8113/45/10/105305MaRDI QIDQ2880359zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors M. S. Shikakhwa, S. Turgut, N. K. Pak

Publication date 13 April 2012

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.04158

zbMATH Keywords

spintronicsspin-orbit couplinggauge covariance

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Statistical mechanics of solids (82D20)

Abstract: The question of gauge-covariance in the non-Abelian gauge-field formulation of two space-dimensional systems with spin-orbit coupling relevant to spintronics is investigated. Although, these are generally gauge-fixed models, it is found that for the class of gauge fields that are space-time independent and satisfy a U(1) algebra, thus having a vanishing field strength, there is a residual gauge freedom in the Hamiltonian. The gauge transformations assume the form of a space-dependent rotation of the transformed wave functions with rotation angles and axes determined by the specific form of the gauge-field, i.e., the spin-orbit coupling. The fields can be gauged away, reducing the Hamiltonian to one which is isospectral to the free-particle Hamiltonian, and giving rise to the phenomenon of persistent spin helix reported first by B.~A.~Bernevig emph{et al.} [Phys.~Rev.~Lett. extbf{97}, 236601 (2006)]. The investigation of the global gauge transformations leads to the derivation of a continuity equation where the component of the spin-density along given directions, again fixed by the specific form of the gauge field, is conserved.

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Cited in

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• Gauge theory approach for diffusive and precessional spin dynamics in a two-dimensional electron gas
• Hamiltonian for a particle in a magnetic field on a curved surface in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates
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• The role of gauge symmetry in spintronics
• SU(2) × U(1) unified theory for charge, orbit and spin currents
• Gauge concepts in theoretical applied physics
• On the Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equations, and spin-orbit coupling: a tribute to Raymond Stora
• Revisiting the compatibility problem between the gauge principle and the observability of the canonical orbital angular momentum in the Landau problem
• Spin force and torque in non-relativistic Dirac oscillator on a sphere
• Hermitian spin-orbit Hamiltonians on a surface in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates: a new practical approach

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