On joint subtree distributions under two evolutionary models

DOI10.1016/J.TPB.2015.11.004zbMATH Open1343.92371arXiv1508.03139OpenAlexW1788575275WikidataQ50766006 ScholiaQ50766006MaRDI QIDQ304457FDOQ304457

Taoyang Wu, Kwok Pui Choi

Publication date: 25 August 2016

Published in: Theoretical Population Biology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In population and evolutionary biology, hypotheses about micro-evolutionary and macro-evolutionary processes are commonly tested by comparing the shape indices of empirical evolutionary trees with those predicted by neutral models. A key ingredient in this approach is the ability to compute and quantify distributions of various tree shape indices under random models of interest. As a step to meet this challenge, in this paper we investigate the joint distribution of cherries and pitchforks (that is, subtrees with two and three leaves) under two widely used null models: the Yule-Harding-Kingman (YHK) model and the proportional to distinguishable arrangements (PDA) model. Based on two novel recursive formulae, we propose a dynamic approach to numerically compute the exact joint distribution (and hence the marginal distributions) for trees of any size. We also obtained insights into the statistical properties of trees generated under these two models, including a constant correlation between the cherry and the pitchfork distributions under the YHK model, the log-concavity and unimodality of cherry distributions under both models. In particular, we show the existence of a unique change point for cherry distribution between the two models, that is, there exists a critical value $a{u}_n$ for each $ngeq4$ such that the probability that a random tree with $n$ leaves generated under the YHK model contains $k$ cherries is lower than that under the PDA model if $1<k<a{u}_n$, and higher if $a{u}_n<klen/2$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03139

zbMATH Keywords

phylogenetic treejoint distributionPDA modelsubtree distributiontree indicesYule-Harding-Kingman model

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Problems related to evolution (92D15)

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Cited In (11)

• On the joint distribution of tree height and tree length under the coalescent
• Limit theorems for patterns in ranked tree‐child networks
• A balance index for phylogenetic trees based on rooted quartets
• Enumeration of lonely pairs of gene trees and species trees by means of antipodal cherries
• On asymptotic joint distributions of cherries and pitchforks for random phylogenetic trees
• On the minimum value of the Colless index and the bifurcating trees that achieve it
• A Mathematical Connection Between Single-Elimination Sports Tournaments and Evolutionary Trees
• Distributions of 4-subtree patterns for uniform random unrooted phylogenetic trees
• On cherry and pitchfork distributions of random rooted and unrooted phylogenetic trees
• Distributions of cherries and pitchforks for the Ford model
• Squaring within the Colless index yields a better balance index

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