Generation and breakup of Worthington jets after cavity collapse. I: Jet formation
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Publication:3075844
DOI10.1017/S0022112010003526zbMATH Open1205.76050arXiv0907.5154OpenAlexW3098992314MaRDI QIDQ3075844FDOQ3075844
Authors: Stephan Gekle, José Manuel Gordillo 
Publication date: 17 February 2011
Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Helped by the careful analysis of their experimental data, Worthington (1897) described roughly the mechanism underlying the formation of high-speed jets ejected after the impact of an axisymmetric solid on a liquid-air interface. In this work we combine detailed boundary-integral simulations with analytical modeling to describe the formation and break-up of such Worthington jets in two common physical systems: the impact of a circular disc on a liquid surface and the release of air bubbles from an underwater nozzle. We first show that the jet base dynamics can be predicted for both systems using our earlier model in Gekle, Gordillo, van der Meer and Lohse. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (2009). Nevertheless, our main point here is to present a model which allows us to accurately predict the shape of the entire jet. Good agreement with numerics and some experimental data is found. Moreover, we find that, contrarily to the capillary breakup of liquid cylinders in vacuum studied by Rayleigh, the breakup of stretched liquid jets at high values of both Weber and Reynolds numbers is not triggered by the growth of perturbations coming from an external source of noise. Instead, the jet breaks up due to the capillary deceleration of the liquid at the tip which produces a corrugation to the jet shape. This perturbation, which is self-induced by the flow, will grow in time promoted by a capillary mechanism. We are able to predict the exact shape evolution of Worthington jets ejected after the impact of a solid object - including the size of small droplets ejected from the tip due to a surface-tension driven instability - using as the single input parameters the minimum radius of the cavity and the flow field before the jet emerges.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.5154
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Cited In (26)
- On the mechanics of droplet surface crater during impact on immiscible viscous liquid pool
- The impact of a translating plunging jet on a pool of the same liquid
- Cavity formation by the impact of leidenfrost spheres
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- Bursting bubble in an elastoviscoplastic medium
- Generation and breakup of worthington jets after cavity collapse. II: Tip breakup of stretched jets
- On the sea spray aerosol originated from bubble bursting jets
- Oblique impact of a cylindrical jet on a plane
- Numerical modeling of high-speed modulated water jets
- A computational study of thermally induced secondary atomization in multicomponent droplets
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