On the spectrum of a multipoint boundary value problem for a fourth-order equation

DOI10.1134/S001226611603006XMaRDI QIDQ309819zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 7 September 2016

Published in Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1134/s001226611603006x

Multipoint boundary value problem elastic support spectrum

Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05) Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators (34L15)

Review text

The paper is concerned with the spectrum of a multipoint boundary value problem of a fourth order equation that models small deformations of a chain of rigidity connected rods with elastic support. More precisely, let \(\Gamma=(a,b)/\{a_i\}_{i=1}^n\) and let \(L_{\delta_1,\dots,\delta_n}\) be the differential operator defined by \[ L_{\delta_1,\dots,\delta_n}u := (pu)-(qu')'=\lambda u \qquad (x \in \Gamma) \] for \(p \in C^2(\Gamma)\), \(q \in C^1(\Gamma)\) and \(p>0\), \(q \geq 0\) with the boundary conditions \[ \begin{gathered} u(a) + \alpha(a) Du(a) = 0, \quad \beta(a)u(a) - \gamma(a) u'(a) =0, \\ u(b) - \alpha(b) Du(b) = 0, \quad \beta(b)u(b) + \gamma(b) u'(b) =0, \end{gathered} \] where \(Du=(pu)' - q u'\) and \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\) are positive functions with \(\beta+\gamma \neq 0\). The following matching conditions are also imposed \[ \begin{gathered} u(a_i-0) - u(a_i+0)=0, \\ u'(a_i-0)-u'(a_i+0)=0, \\ (pu)(a_i-0) -(pu)(a_i+0) =0, \\ Du(a_i-0)-Du(a_i+0)-\delta_iu(a_i)=0. \end{gathered} \] The non-negative numbers \(\delta_i\) specify the elasticity of the support. In the main result of the paper, the author obtains a separation result for the eigenvalues \(\lambda_j(\delta_1,\dots,\delta_n)\) of \(L_{\delta_1,\dots,\delta_n}\). First, the author considers the simpler situation of a single elastic support, say \(\delta_1=\delta>0\) and \(\delta_i=0\) for \(i=2,\dots,n\). In that case, the spectrum \(\Lambda_\delta\) of \(L_\delta\) consists of infinitely many real eigenvalues with no finite accumulation point. For \(0 \leq \delta<\delta' \leq \infty\), the author first proves that the spectra \(\Lambda_{\delta}\) and \(\Lambda_{\delta'} \) interlace, i.e. \[ \lambda_j(\delta) \leq \lambda_j(\delta') \leq \lambda_{j+1}(\delta) \qquad (j=0,1,2,\dots). \] This result easily extends to the more general case of several elastic supports, namely \[ \lambda_j(\delta_{i_1},\dots,\delta_{i_m}) \leq \lambda_j(\delta_{i_1},\dots,\delta_{i_{m-1}}, \delta_{i_m'}) \leq \lambda_{j+1} (\delta_{i_1},\dots,\delta_{i_m}) \qquad (j=0,1,2,\dots) \] for \(0 \leq \delta_{i_m} \leq \delta_{i_m}' \leq \infty\). The proofs of these results are based on a series of several interesting lemmas about the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the operator \(L_{\delta_1,\dots,\delta_n}\).

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