scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1002105
The paper provides a regularity theorem for certain \(2n\)th-order differential operators, \(B_\lambda\), starting with the differential operator, \[ A^{(n)}_\lambda\doteq {d^{2n}\over dx^{2n}}+ \sum^{2n-1}_{i=1} P_i(x) {d^{2n-1}\over dx^{2n-1}}+ \lambda I, \] where \(K\subset C^{2n}[0,1]\to A^{(n)}_\lambda K\subset C[0,1]\), \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\) and \(K\) is a subspace of \(C^{2n}[0,1]\). We then define \(B_\lambda\doteq A_\lambda+ B\) to be the \(2n\)th differential operator from \(C^{2n}[0,1]\) to \(C[0,1]\), where we now redefine \[ A_\lambda= b_0 {d^{2n}\over dx^{2n}}+\lambda I \] with \(b_0>0\), \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\) and \(I\) is the identity mapping. \(B\) is defined to be a real valued (or linear) operator when \(C^{2n}[0,1]\) is considered as a real (or complex) valued function. The space \(L^2(0,1)\) is equipped with the traditional inner product and norm, the space \(C^{2n}[0,1]\) is equipped with two norms that sum all of the derivatives in the usual sense. Furthermore, subspaces of \(C^{2n}[0,1]\) are such that \[ K_{(k)}= \{y(x)\in k:\text{ every }y^{(i)}(x),\;0\leq i\leq k-1\text{ has at least one null point in }[0,1],\;1\leq k\leq n\} \] and \[ K_{2(k)}= \{y(x)\in k:\;y^{(i)}_{x=0,1}=0,\;0\leq i\leq k-1,\;1\leq k\leq n\}. \] In both situations, \(K\) is a subspace of \(C^{2n}[0,1]\). Now a technical equality and inequality must be satisfied by the subspace \(K\) and operator \(B\) respectively. It is then proven that the \(A_k\) and \(B_k\) operators as well as their minimal continuous extensions include \((n+1)\) homeomorphisms in the ``real nonlinear case and \((n+3)\) linear homeomorphisms in the ``complex case. The proofs rely on many technical inequalities which are carefully stated and then implemented. It is extremely well written.
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