scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1808236
Consider the following population dynamics equation: \[ \begin{cases}\frac{\partial U(t,x)}{\partial t}=\frac{\partial^2U(t,x)} {\partial x^2}+kU(t,x) [1-\sum_{j=1}^mU(t-r_j,x)],\quad t>0,\\ U(t,0)=U(t,\pi)=0,\quad t\geq 0,\\ U(t,x)=\psi(t,x),\quad (t,x)\in[-r,0]\times[0,\pi],\end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(k>0,m>1\) are constants, \((r_j)_{1\leq j\leq m}\) are positive reals, \(r=\max_{1\leq j\leq m}r_j\) and \(\psi\in C([-r,0];H_0^1[0,\pi])\). If \(m=1\), \(0<k-1\ll 1\), let the positive equilibrium of (1) be \(V_k\), \textit{S. Busenberg} and \textit{W. Huang} [J. Differ. Equations 124, 80-107 (1996; Zbl 0854.35120)] have shown that there exists an increasing sequence \(\{r_{k_n}\}_{n=0}^{\infty}\) such that \(V_k\) is locally asymptotically stable while the delay satisfies \(0<r<r_{k_0}\), and there is a Hopf bifurcation arising from \(V_k\) as \(r\) passes through each \(r_{k_n}\). If \(m>1\), the unique positive equilibrium of (1) is \(U_k=\frac{V_k}{m} (k>1)\). In the authors' previous work [Dyn. Syst. Appl. 11, 531-543 (2002; Zbl 1046.34085)], they studied the stability of \(U_k\). The present paper is a further investigation of (1), which extends the Hopf bifurcation theorem due to Busenberg and Huang.
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