scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2134192
The author treats the numerical solution of three-dimensional time-harmonic eddy current problems. An adaptive finite element method (Whitney elements) and a boundary element method (for impedance boundary conditions) are developed and implemented. A survey of the mathematical terms and tools required in the following Chapters is given in Chapter 1. The Sobolev spaces \(\mathcal{H}(\)\textbf{rot}\(;\Omega)\) and \(\mathcal{H}(\)div\(;\Omega)\), the de Rham complex, cohomology spaces and special cohomology vector fields, the harmonic Neumann and Dirichlet vector fields, are introduced. The connections between the cohomology and electro- and magnetostatics are characterized. The numerical methods developed in the dissertation are based on Galerkin methods for weak variational formulations. Section 1.3 contains theorems on the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions. Chapter 2 deals with the eddy current model. The model is introduced as an approximation of the time-harmonic Maxwell equations neglecting Maxwell's displacement current. That means, the currents are quasistationary, that is, slowly varying with time. \textbf{H}-based and \textbf{E}-based variational formulations of the eddy current problem are deduced. The author gives a mathematical justification of the eddy current model estimating the modeling error on the solution of the full set of Maxwell equations. The author studies in Chapter 3 different weak formulations of the magnetoquasistatic eddy current model. He differentiates various cases, related to current and voltage excitations, local and non-local excitations. Chapter 4 treats the topic of the publication, the numerical solution of the eddy current problem. Based on the ungauged variational formulation the problem is discretized applying \(\mathcal{H}(\)\textbf{rot}\(;\Omega)\)-conform Whitney elements (also called edge elements or Nédélec elements). The UG (shorthand for Unstructered Grids, see \textit{P. Bastian}, et al.: [UG -- a flexible software toolbox for solving partial differential equations. Comput. Vis. Sci., 1, No. 1, 27--40 (1997; Zbl 0970.65129)] simulation environment is used for the implementation of the finite element method. UG provides general tools for the generation, manipulation and the grid refinement of unstructered grids. The author used the red-green refinement algorithm. A residual based a-posteriori error estimator is applied to choose the finite elements. A multigrid algorithm with an appropriate modified Gauss-Seidel smoother (see \textit{R. Hiptmair}, [Multigrid method for Maxwell's equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 36, No. 1, 204--225 (1998; Zbl 0922.65081)] is used to solve the high-dimensional systems of linear algebraic equations. A special section describes in detail the required local (multiplicative) multigrid algorithm. To validate the proposed algorithm and its implementation the software is applied to various examples. Chapter 5 describes a scalar boundary element method for the eddy current problem with impedance boundary conditions. The penetration depth is assumed to be small in this case. Existence and uniqueness theorems are formulated. Convergence results and numerical examples are given. Chapter 6 summarizes improvements which could be done in future. The well-written dissertation contains also some historical remarks and hints, partly in footnotes, to other developments in the field of the numerical solutions in electrodynamics, for instance, to the Finite Integration Technique (FIT) and the relation between FIT and Whitney elements.
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