Essential core of the Hawking–Ellis types

DOI10.1088/1361-6382/AAC147zbMATH Open1391.83039arXiv1802.00865OpenAlexW2787684080WikidataQ59619419 ScholiaQ59619419MaRDI QIDQ3177425FDOQ3177425

Authors: Prado Martín-Moruno, Matt Visser 

Publication date: 25 July 2018

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The Hawking-Ellis (Segre-Plebanski) classification of possible stress-energy tensors is an essential tool in analyzing the implications of the Einstein field equations in a more-or-less model-independent manner. In the current article the basic idea is to simplify the Hawking-Ellis type I, II, III, and IV classification by isolating the "essential core" of the type II, type III, and type IV stress-energy tensors; this being done by subtracting (special cases of) type I to simplify the (Lorentz invariant) eigenvalue structure as much as possible without disturbing the eigenvector structure. We will denote these "simplified cores" type II${}_0$, type III${}_0$, and type IV${}_0$. These "simplified cores" have very nice and simple algebraic properties. Furthermore, types I and II${}_0$ have very simple classical interpretations, while type IV${}_0$ is known to arise semi-classically (in renormalized expectation values of standard stress-energy tensors). In contrast type III${}_0$ stands out in that it has neither a simple classical interpretation, nor even a simple semi-classical interpretation. We will also consider the robustness of this classification considering the stability of the different Hawking-Ellis types under perturbations. We argue that types II and III are definitively unstable, whereas types I and IV are stable.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.00865

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zbMATH Keywords

energy conditionsHawking-Ellis typestress-energy classification

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Classes of solutions; algebraically special solutions, metrics with symmetries for problems in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C20) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)

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Cited In (9)

• Spherical warp-based bubble with non-trivial lapse function and its consequences on matter content
• Charged black-bounce spacetimes
• The type III stress-energy tensor: ugly duckling of the Hawking–Ellis classification
• A connection between regular black holes and horizonless ultracompact stars
• Hawking–Ellis type III spacetime geometry
• Observer-based invariants for cosmological models
• The eye of the storm: a regular Kerr black hole
• Feynman's \(i\epsilon\) prescription, almost real spacetimes, and acceptable complex spacetimes
• The Kiselev black hole is neither perfect fluid, nor is it quintessence

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