The theory of gravitation in Hamiltonian form
Verf. wendet die in seiner vorstehend referierten Arbeit [Zbl 0080.41402] entwickelte allgemeine Methode der Herleitung der Hamiltonschen Form von relativistischen Feldgleichungen zur Gewinnung der kanonischen Form der Gravitationsgleichungen Einsteins an. Die vom Verf. erhaltenen konkreten Ausdrücke sind von überraschender Einfachheit. Der Zustand zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt ist durch die Werte der \(g_{\mu\nu}\) und ihrer ersten Ableitungen auf einer beliebigen dreidimensionalen raumartigen Hyperfläche in der vierdimensionalen Raum-Zeit gegeben. Die Ableitungen nach der Zeit sind dann die aus dieser Hyperfläche herausführenden Ableitungen. Aus der allgemeinen Kovarianz der Theorie resultiert die Existenz von vier \(\Phi\)-Gleichungen ,,erster Klasse, welche ausdrücken, daß die zu den kanonischen Koordinaten \(g_{\mu 0}\) konjungierten kanonischen Impulse \(p^{\mu 0}\) nur Funktionen der kanonischen Koordinaten \(g_{\mu\nu}\) und ihrer in der Fläche liegenden Ableitungen sind. Der Verf. zeigt, daß durch Addition eines geeigneten divergenzartigen Terms zur Einsteinschen Lagrange-Funktion diese \(\Phi\)-Gleichungen auf die Form \(p^{\mu 0}=0\) gebracht werden können. Die sechs unabhängigen Impulse \(p^{rs}\) \((r, s = 1, 2, 3)\) sind bei Verwendung der neuen Lagrange-Funktion lineare Funktionen der kanonischen Geschwindigkeiten \(g_{ab,0}\) \((a, b = 1, 2,3)\) von der Form \(p^{rs} = \sqrt{-g} (e^{rs} e^{ab} - e^{ra}e^{sb})\Gamma^0_{ab}\), wobei \(e^{rs}\) der zu dem metrischen Tensor \(g_{rs}\), der Hyperfläche reziproke Tensor ist. Die zu \(p^{\mu 0}\) kanonisch konjungierten Koordinaten \(g_{\mu 0}\) werden durch die Bewegungsgleichungen nicht bestimmt und gehen daher als Koeffizienten in die Hamilton-Dichte \(\mathfrak H\) ein, welche die Form \(\mathfrak H=(g^{00})^{-1/2} \mathfrak H_L+g_{r0}e^{rs}\mathfrak H_s\) hat. Hierbei sind \(\mathfrak H_L\) und \(\mathfrak H_s\) Funktionen der \(p^{rs}\) und der \(g_{rs}\) sowie ihrer in der Fläche liegenden ersten und zweiten Ableitungen. Die \(\chi\)-Gleichungen des Verf. lauten dann \(\mathfrak H_L=0\), \(\mathfrak H_s = 0\) und sind, da sie keine zweiten Ableitungen nach der Zeit enthalten, vier Bedingungen für die Cauchyschen Anfangswerte. Die vier willkürlichen Koeffizienten \(g_{\mu 0}\) entsprechen den vier willkürlichen Funktionen in den Lösungen der Gravitationsgleichungen. Abschließend spezialisiert der Verf. seine allgemeinen Ausdrücke auf schwache Gravitationsfelder, d. h. für die linearisierten Gravitationsgleichungen Einsteins.
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