Associative, Lie, and left-symmetric algebras of derivations

Abstract: Let

P_{n} = k [x_{1}, x_{2}, l d o t s, x_{n}]

be the polynomial algebra over a field

k

of characteristic zero in the variables

x_{1}, x_{2}, l d o t s, x_{n}

and

m a t h s c r L_{n}

be the left-symmetric algebra of all derivations of

P_{n}

cite{Dzhuma99,UU2014-1}. Using the language of

m a t h s c r L_{n}

, for every derivation

D i n m a t h s c r L_{n}

we define the associative algebra

A_{D}

, the Lie algebra

L_{D}

, and the left-symmetric algebra

m a t h s c r L_{D}

related to the study of the Jacobian Conjecture. For every derivation

D i n m a t h s c r L_{n}

there is a unique

n

-tuple

F = (f_{1}, f_{2}, l d o t s, f_{n})

of elements of

P_{n}

such that

D = D_{F} = f_{1} p a r t i a l_{1} + f_{2} p a r t i a l_{2} + l d o t s + f_{n} p a r t i a l_{n}

. In this case, using an action of the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions

m a t h r m N S y m m

on

P_{n}

, we show that these algebras are closely related to the description of coefficients of the formal inverse to the polynomial endomorphism

X + t F

, where

X = (x_{1}, x_{2}, l d o t s, x_{n})

and

t

is an independent parameter. We prove that the Jacobian matrix

J (F)

is nilpotent if and only if all right powers

D_{F}^{[r]}

of

D_{F}

in

m a t h s c r L_{n}

have zero divergence. In particular, if

J (F)

is nilpotent then

D_{F}

is right nilpotent. We discuss some advantages and shortcomings of these algebras and formulate some open questions.

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