Rooted tree graphs and the Butcher group: combinatorics of elementary perturbation theory

DOI10.1007/978-981-15-0298-9_6zbMATH Open1446.82035arXiv2101.09364OpenAlexW2980695522MaRDI QIDQ3296398FDOQ3296398

Authors: William G. Faris 

Publication date: 7 July 2020

Published in: Sojourns in Probability Theory and Statistical Physics - II (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The perturbation expansion of the solution of a fixed point equation or of an ordinary differential equation may be expressed as a power series in the perturbation parameter. The terms in this series are indexed by rooted trees and depend on a parameter in the equation in a way determined by the structure of the tree. Power series of this form may be considered more generally; there are two interesting and useful group structures on these series, corresponding to operations of composition and substitution. The composition operation defines the Butcher group, an infinite dimensional group that was first introduced in the context of numerical analysis. This survey discusses various ways of realizing these rooted trees: as labeled rooted trees, or increasing labeled rooted trees, or unlabeled rooted trees. It is argued that the simplest framework is to use labeled rooted trees.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09364

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zbMATH Keywords

perturbation expansioncombinatorial speciesButcher grouprooted tree graphsHopf algebras of treesConnes-Kreimer renormalization

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Trees (05C05) Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Renormalization group methods in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B28) Percolation (82B43)

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Cited In (2)

• Lagrange inversion and combinatorial species with uncountable color palette
• Tree expansion in time-dependent perturbation theory

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