About thermometers and temperature
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Publication:3302880
DOI10.1088/1742-5468/AA933EzbMATH Open1457.82370arXiv1711.02349OpenAlexW3103611803MaRDI QIDQ3302880FDOQ3302880
Authors: Marco Baldovin, Andrea Puglisi, Alessandro Sarracino, Angelo Vulpiani 
Publication date: 11 August 2020
Published in: Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: We discuss a class of mechanical models of thermometers and their minimal requirements to determine the temperature for systems out of the common scope of thermometry. In particular we consider: 1) anharmonic chains with long time of thermalization, such as the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) model; 2) systems with long-range interactions where the equivalence of ensembles does not always hold; 3) systems featuring absolute negative temperatures. We show that for all the three classes of systems a mechanical thermometer model can be designed: a temporal average of a suitable mechanical observable of the thermometer is sufficient to get an estimate of the system's temperature. Several interesting lessons are learnt from our numerical study: 1) the long thermalization times in FPU-like systems do not affect the thermometer, which is not coupled to normal modes but to a group of microscopic degrees of freedom; 2) a thermometer coupled to a long-range system measures its microcanonical temperature, even at values of the total energy where its canonical temperature would be very different; 3) a thermometer to read absolute negative temperatures must have a bounded total energy (as the system), otherwise it heavily perturbs the system changing the sign of its temperature. Our study shows that in order to work in a correct way also in "non standard" cases, the proper model of thermometer must have a special functional form, e.g. the kinetic part cannot be quadratic.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.02349
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Cites Work
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Cited In (6)
- Effective equations in complex systems: from Langevin to machine learning
- Temperature as a quantum observable
- Langevin equation in systems with also negative temperatures
- Microcanonical entropy for classical systems
- Negative-temperature Fourier transport in one-dimensional systems
- Statistical mechanics of systems with negative temperature
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