A consistent description of fluctuations requires negative temperatures

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/2015/12/P12002MaRDI QIDQ3302170zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Luca Cerino, Andrea Puglisi, Angelo Vulpiani

Publication date 11 August 2020

Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.07369

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical thermodynamics (82B30)

Abstract: We review two definitions of temperature in statistical mechanics, $T_B$ and $T_G$, corresponding to two possible definitions of entropy, $S_B$ and $S_G$, known as surface and volume entropy respectively. We restrict our attention to a class of systems with bounded energy and such that the second derivative of $S_B$ with respect to energy is always negative: the second request is quite natural and holds in systems of obvious relevance, i.e. with a number $N$ of degrees of freedom sufficiently large (examples are shown where $Nsim100$ is sufficient) and without long-range interactions. We first discuss the basic role of $T_B$, even when negative, as the parameter describing fluctuations of observables in a sub-system. Then, we focus on how $T_B$ can be measured dynamically, i.e. averaging over a single long experimental trajectory. On the contrary, the same approach cannot be used in a generic system for $T_G$, since the equipartition theorem may be spoiled by boundary effects due to the limited energy. These general results are substantiated by the numerical study of a Hamiltonian model of interacting rotators with bounded kinetic energy. The numerical results confirm that the kind of configurational order realized in the regions at small $S_B$, or equivalently at small $|T_B|$, depends on the sign of $T_B$.

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Cited in

(20)

• Law without law or ``just limit theorems? Some reflections about a proposal of Wheeler's
• Negative temperatures and the definition of entropy
• Geometrically frustrated systems which are as singles hotter than in company
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• Effective equations in complex systems: from Langevin to machine learning
• The question of negative temperatures in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
• Langevin equation in systems with also negative temperatures
• Microcanonical entropy for classical systems
• Localization transition in the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation: ensembles inequivalence and negative temperatures
• Do `negative' temperatures exist?
• Counterfactual thermodynamics: extracting work from a lack of macroscopic change
• About thermometers and temperature
• Negative-temperature Fourier transport in one-dimensional systems
• Temperature in and out of equilibrium: a review of concepts, tools and attempts
• Synergy between the negative absolute temperature and the external trap for a Bose-Einstein condensate under optical lattices
• Origin of negative temperatures in systems interacting with external fields
• Statistical mechanics of systems with negative temperature
• Non-Clausius heat transfer: the example of harmonic chain with an impurity
• How geometrically frustrated systems challenge our notion of thermodynamics
• Quantum heat engine and negative Boltzmann temperature

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