The strong maximum principle and the Harnack inequality for a class of hypoelliptic non-Hörmander operators

DOI10.5802/AIF.3020MaRDI QIDQ332191zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Erika Battaglia, Stefano Biagi, Andrea Bonfiglioli

Publication date 27 October 2016

Published in Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1669

zbMATH Keywords

divergence form operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03) Subelliptic equations (35H20)

Abstract: In this paper we consider a class of hypoelliptic second-order partial differential operators $mathcalL$ in divergence form on $mathbb{R}^N$, arising from CR geometry and Lie group theory, and we prove the Strong and Weak Maximum Principles and the Harnack Inequality for $mathcalL$. The involved operators are not assumed to belong to the H"ormander hypoellipticity class, nor to satisfy subelliptic estimates, nor Muckenhoupt-type estimates on the degeneracy of the second order part; indeed our results hold true in the infinitely-degenerate case and for operators which are not necessarily sums of squares. We use a Control Theory result on hypoellipticity in order to recover a meaningful geometric information on connectivity and maxima propagation, yet in the absence of any H"ormander condition. For operators $mathcalL$ with $C^{o}mega$ coefficients, this control-theoretic result will also imply a Unique Continuation property for the $mathcalL$-harmonic functions. The (Strong) Harnack Inequality is obtained via the Weak Harnack Inequality by means of a Potential Theory argument, and by a crucial use of the Strong Maximum Principle and the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for $mathcalL$ on a basis of the Euclidean topology.

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Cited in

(16)

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• Global estimates for the fundamental solution of homogeneous Hörmander operators
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• A strong maximum principle for globally hypoelliptic operators

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