The strong maximum principle and the Harnack inequality for a class of hypoelliptic non-Hörmander operators

DOI10.5802/AIF.3020zbMATH Open1353.35086arXiv1407.1669OpenAlexW2319862780MaRDI QIDQ332191FDOQ332191

Authors: Erika Battaglia, Stefano Biagi, Andrea Bonfiglioli 

Publication date: 27 October 2016

Published in: Annales de l’institut Fourier (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we consider a class of hypoelliptic second-order partial differential operators $mathcalL$ in divergence form on $mathbb{R}^N$, arising from CR geometry and Lie group theory, and we prove the Strong and Weak Maximum Principles and the Harnack Inequality for $mathcalL$. The involved operators are not assumed to belong to the H"ormander hypoellipticity class, nor to satisfy subelliptic estimates, nor Muckenhoupt-type estimates on the degeneracy of the second order part; indeed our results hold true in the infinitely-degenerate case and for operators which are not necessarily sums of squares. We use a Control Theory result on hypoellipticity in order to recover a meaningful geometric information on connectivity and maxima propagation, yet in the absence of any H"ormander condition. For operators $mathcalL$ with $C^{o}mega$ coefficients, this control-theoretic result will also imply a Unique Continuation property for the $mathcalL$-harmonic functions. The (Strong) Harnack Inequality is obtained via the Weak Harnack Inequality by means of a Potential Theory argument, and by a crucial use of the Strong Maximum Principle and the solvability of the Dirichlet problem for $mathcalL$ on a basis of the Euclidean topology.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1669

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zbMATH Keywords

divergence form operators

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Maximum principles in context of PDEs (35B50) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Degenerate elliptic equations (35J70) PDEs on Heisenberg groups, Lie groups, Carnot groups, etc. (35R03) Subelliptic equations (35H20)

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