Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian 2 N scattering
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Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian \(2\to N\) scattering
Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian \(2\to N\) scattering
Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15) Nonperturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T16) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Methods of quantum field theory in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C47) Black holes (83C57) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20)
Abstract: We establish a connection between the ultra-Planckian scattering amplitudes in field and string theory and unitarization by black hole formation in these scattering processes. Using as a guideline an explicit microscopic theory in which the black hole represents a bound-state of many soft gravitons at the quantum critical point, we were able to identify and compute a set of perturbative amplitudes relevant for black hole formation. These are the tree-level N-graviton scattering S-matrix elements in a kinematical regime (called classicalization limit) where the two incoming ultra-Planckian gravitons produce a large number N of soft gravitons. We compute these amplitudes by using the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations, as well as scattering equations and string theory techniques. We discover that this limit reveals the key features of the microscopic corpuscular black hole N-portrait. In particular, the perturbative suppression factor of a N-graviton final state, derived from the amplitude, matches the non-perturbative black hole entropy when N reaches the quantum criticality value, whereas final states with different value of N are either suppressed or excluded by non-perturbative corpuscular physics. Thus we identify the microscopic reason behind the black hole dominance over other final states including non-black hole classical object. In the parameterization of the classicalization limit the scattering equations can be solved exactly allowing us to obtain closed expressions for the high-energy limit of the open and closed superstring tree-level scattering amplitudes for a generic number N of external legs. We demonstrate matching and complementarity between the string theory and field theory in different large-s and large-N regimes.
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Cited in
(41)- Exact solutions and critical chaos in dilaton gravity with a boundary
- Echoes from corpuscular black holes
- Soft gravitational radiation from ultra-relativistic collisions at sub- and sub-sub-leading order
- Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture
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- Quantum break-time of de Sitter
- \(2 \rightarrow 2N\) scattering: eikonalisation and the page curve
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- What if string theory has a de Sitter excited state?
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- Supertranslations and Holography near the Horizon of Schwarzschild Black Holes
- Classicalization of gravitons and Goldstones
- Entropy bound and unitarity of scattering amplitudes
- Four-dimensional de Sitter space is a Glauber-Sudarshan state in string theory
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