Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian 2 N scattering

DOI10.1016/J.NUCLPHYSB.2015.02.004zbMATH Open1348.83047arXiv1409.7405OpenAlexW2006413782MaRDI QIDQ334656FDOQ334656

S. Stieberger, C. Gomez, R. S. Isermann, Gia Dvali, Dieter Lüst

Publication date: 1 November 2016

Published in: Nuclear Physics B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We establish a connection between the ultra-Planckian scattering amplitudes in field and string theory and unitarization by black hole formation in these scattering processes. Using as a guideline an explicit microscopic theory in which the black hole represents a bound-state of many soft gravitons at the quantum critical point, we were able to identify and compute a set of perturbative amplitudes relevant for black hole formation. These are the tree-level N-graviton scattering S-matrix elements in a kinematical regime (called classicalization limit) where the two incoming ultra-Planckian gravitons produce a large number N of soft gravitons. We compute these amplitudes by using the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations, as well as scattering equations and string theory techniques. We discover that this limit reveals the key features of the microscopic corpuscular black hole N-portrait. In particular, the perturbative suppression factor of a N-graviton final state, derived from the amplitude, matches the non-perturbative black hole entropy when N reaches the quantum criticality value, whereas final states with different value of N are either suppressed or excluded by non-perturbative corpuscular physics. Thus we identify the microscopic reason behind the black hole dominance over other final states including non-black hole classical object. In the parameterization of the classicalization limit the scattering equations can be solved exactly allowing us to obtain closed expressions for the high-energy limit of the open and closed superstring tree-level scattering amplitudes for a generic number N of external legs. We demonstrate matching and complementarity between the string theory and field theory in different large-s and large-N regimes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.7405

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Perturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T15) Nonperturbative methods of renormalization applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T16) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45) Methods of quantum field theory in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C47) Black holes (83C57) (S)-matrix theory, etc. in quantum theory (81U20)

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Cited In (39)

• On the corpuscular theory of gravity
• Gravity as Universal UV Completion: Towards a Unified View of Swampland Conjectures
• Soft gravitational radiation from ultra-relativistic collisions at sub- and sub-sub-leading order
• Scalar resonance in graviton-graviton scattering at high-energies: the graviball
• Gravitational black hole hair from event horizon supertranslations
• Semiclassical \(S\)-matrix for black holes
• Comments on the evaluation of massless scattering
• Four-dimensional de Sitter space is a Glauber-Sudarshan state in string theory
• Echoes from corpuscular black holes
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• Crisis on infinite earths: short-lived De Sitter vacua in the string theory landscape
• Infrared behaviour of the one-loop scattering equations and supergravity integrands
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• A functional approach to the next-to-eikonal approximation of high energy gravitational scattering
• Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture
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• Memory and the infrared
• Hawking radiation and the Bloom–Gilman duality
• New lower bounds on scattering amplitudes: non-locality constraints
• Gravitational radiation in massless-particle collisions
• SIGNATURES OF QUANTIZED TeV SCALE BLACK HOLES IN SCATTERING PROCESSES
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• On the assumptions leading to the information loss paradox
• Entropy bound and unitarity of scattering amplitudes
• Approximate symmetries and gravity

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