THE STUECKELBERG FIELD

DOI10.1142/S0217751X04019755MaRDI QIDQ3370253zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Henri Ruegg, Martí Ruiz-Altaba

Publication date 7 February 2006

Published in International Journal of Modern Physics A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0304245

zbMATH Keywords

photonStueckelbergelectroweakmassive Yang-Millsproca

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Unified quantum theories (81V22)

Abstract: In 1938, Stueckelberg introduced a scalar field which makes an Abelian gauge theory massive but preserves gauge invariance. The Stueckelberg mechanism is the introduction of new fields to reveal a symmetry of a gauge--fixed theory. We first review the Stueckelberg mechanism in the massive Abelian gauge theory. We then extend this idea to the standard model, stueckelberging the hypercharge U(1) and thus giving a mass to the physical photon. This introduces an infrared regulator for the photon in the standard electroweak theory, along with a modification of the weak mixing angle accompanied by a plethora of new effects. Notably, neutrinos couple to the photon and charged leptons have also a pseudo-vector coupling. Finally, we review the historical influence of Stueckelberg's 1938 idea, which led to applications in many areas not anticipated by the author, such as strings. We describe the numerous proposals to generalize the Stueckelberg trick to the non-Abelian case with the aim to find alternatives to the standard model. Nevertheless, the Higgs mechanism in spontaneous symmetry breaking remains the only presently known way to give masses to non-Abelian vector fields in a renormalizable and unitary theory.

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