The fundamental crossed module of the complement of a knotted surface

DOI10.1090/S0002-9947-09-04576-0zbMATH Open1200.57014arXiv0801.3921MaRDI QIDQ3394969FDOQ3394969

Authors: João Martins 

Publication date: 11 September 2009

Published in: Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove that if $M$ is a CW-complex and $M^1$ is its 1-skeleton then the crossed module $P{i}_2(M,M^1)$ depends only on the homotopy type of $M$ as a space, up to free products, in the category of crossed modules, with $P{i}_2(D^2,S^1)$. From this it follows that, if $G$ is a finite crossed module and $M$ is finite, then the number of crossed module morphisms $P{i}_2(M,M^1)oG$ can be re-scaled to a homotopy invariant $I_G(M)$, depending only on the homotopy 2-type of $M$. We describe an algorithm for calculating $p{i}_2(M,M^{(1)})$ as a crossed module over $p{i}_1(M^{(1)})$, in the case when $M$ is the complement of a knotted surface $Sigma$ in $S^4$ and $M^{(1)}$ is the handlebody made from the 0- and 1-handles of a handle decomposition of $M$. Here $Sigma$ is presented by a knot with bands. This in particular gives us a geometric method for calculating the algebraic 2-type of the complement of a knotted surface from a hyperbolic splitting of it. We prove in addition that the invariant $I_G$ yields a non-trivial invariant of knotted surfaces in $S^4$ with good properties with regards to explicit calculations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0801.3921

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zbMATH Keywords

crossed moduleshomotopy 2-typesKnotted surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fundamental group, presentations, free differential calculus (57M05) Homotopy groups of wedges, joins, and simple spaces (55Q20)

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Cited In (11)

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