Criterion for polynomial solutions to a class of linear differential equations of second order
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Publication:3420547
DOI10.1088/0305-4470/39/43/004zbMATH Open1117.34003arXivmath-ph/0609035OpenAlexW2012329236MaRDI QIDQ3420547FDOQ3420547
Authors: Nasser Saad, Hakan Çiftçi, Richard L. Hall 
Publication date: 2 February 2007
Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: We consider the differential equations y=lambda_0(x)y'+s_0(x)y, where lambda_0(x), s_0(x) are C^{infty}-functions. We prove (i) if the differential equation, has a polynomial solution of degree n >0, then delta_n=lambda_n s_{n-1}-lambda_{n-1}s_n=0, where lambda_{n}= lambda_{n-1}^prime+s_{n-1}+lambda_0lambda_{n-1}hbox{and}quad s_{n}=s_{n-1}^prime+s_0lambda_{k-1},quad n=1,2,.... Conversely (ii) if lambda_nlambda_{n-1}
e 0 and delta_n=0, then the differential equation has a polynomial solution of degree at most n. We show that the classical differential equations of Laguerre, Hermite, Legendre, Jacobi, Chebyshev (first and second kind), Gegenbauer, and the Hypergeometric type, etc, obey this criterion. Further, we find the polynomial solutions for the generalized Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre and Chebyshev differential equations.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/0609035
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