A property of quantum relative entropy with an application to privacy in quantum communication
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Publication:3452229
DOI10.1145/1568318.1568323zbMATH Open1325.81034OpenAlexW2076807569WikidataQ130924877 ScholiaQ130924877MaRDI QIDQ3452229FDOQ3452229
Authors: Rahul Jain, Pranab Sen, Jaikumar Radhakrishnan 
Publication date: 11 November 2015
Published in: Journal of the ACM (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: We prove the following theorem about relative entropy of quantum states. "Substate theorem: Let rho and sigma be quantum states in the same Hilbert space with relative entropy S(rho|sigma) = Tr rho (log rho - log sigma) = c. Then for all epsilon > 0, there is a state rho' such that the trace distance ||rho' - rho||_t = Tr sqrt{(rho' - rho)^2} <= epsilon, and rho'/2^{O(c/epsilon^2)} <= sigma." It states that if the relative entropy of rho and sigma is small, then there is a state rho' close to rho, i.e. with small trace distance ||rho' - rho||_t, that when scaled down by a factor 2^{O(c)} `sits inside', or becomes a `substate' of, sigma. This result has several applications in quantum communication complexity and cryptography. Using the substate theorem, we derive a privacy trade-off for the set membership problem in the two-party quantum communication model. Here Alice is given a subset A of [n], Bob an input i in [n], and they need to determine if i in A. "Privacy trade-off for set membership: In any two-party quantum communication protocol for the set membership problem, if Bob reveals only k bits of information about his input, then Alice must reveal at least n/2^{O(k)} bits of information about her input." We also discuss relationships between various information theoretic quantities that arise naturally in the context of the substate theorem.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0705.2437
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