On the Bartnik mass of apparent horizons

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/32/20/205002zbMATH Open1326.83051arXiv1412.0382OpenAlexW3100576306WikidataQ59755753 ScholiaQ59755753MaRDI QIDQ3453155FDOQ3453155

Authors: Christos Mantoulidis, Richard Schoen 

Publication date: 20 November 2015

Published in: Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we characterize the intrinsic geometry of apparent horizons (outermost marginally outer trapped surfaces) in asymptotically flat spacetimes; that is, the Riemannian metrics on the two sphere which can arise. Furthermore we determine the minimal ADM mass of a spacetime containing such an apparent horizon. The results are conveniently formulated in terms of the quasi-local mass introduced by Bartnik in 1989. The Hawking mass provides a lower bound for Bartnik's quasilocal mass on apparent horizons by way of Penrose's conjecture on time symmetric slices, proven in 1997 by Huisken and Ilmanen and in full generality in 1999 by Bray. We compute Bartnik's mass for all non-degenerate apparent horizons and show that it coincides with the Hawking mass. As a corollary we disprove a conjecture due to Gibbons in the spirit of Thorne's hoop conjecture, and construct a new large class of examples of apparent horizons with the integral of the negative part of the Gauss curvature arbitrarily large.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0382

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zbMATH Keywords

minimal surfacesBartnik massHawking massmarginally outer trapped surfacesinitial data setsapparent horizons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Black holes (83C57) Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. (83C75)

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