On the Bartnik mass of apparent horizons

DOI10.1088/0264-9381/32/20/205002MaRDI QIDQ3453155zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Christos Mantoulidis, Richard Schoen

Publication date 20 November 2015

Published in Classical and Quantum Gravity (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.0382

zbMATH Keywords

minimal surfacesBartnik massHawking massmarginally outer trapped surfacesinitial data setsapparent horizons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of differential geometry to physics (53Z05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Black holes (83C57) Space-time singularities, cosmic censorship, etc. (83C75)

Abstract: In this paper we characterize the intrinsic geometry of apparent horizons (outermost marginally outer trapped surfaces) in asymptotically flat spacetimes; that is, the Riemannian metrics on the two sphere which can arise. Furthermore we determine the minimal ADM mass of a spacetime containing such an apparent horizon. The results are conveniently formulated in terms of the quasi-local mass introduced by Bartnik in 1989. The Hawking mass provides a lower bound for Bartnik's quasilocal mass on apparent horizons by way of Penrose's conjecture on time symmetric slices, proven in 1997 by Huisken and Ilmanen and in full generality in 1999 by Bray. We compute Bartnik's mass for all non-degenerate apparent horizons and show that it coincides with the Hawking mass. As a corollary we disprove a conjecture due to Gibbons in the spirit of Thorne's hoop conjecture, and construct a new large class of examples of apparent horizons with the integral of the negative part of the Gauss curvature arbitrarily large.

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Cited in

(41)

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• Gluing Bartnik extensions, continuity of the Bartnik mass, and the equivalence of definitions
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• A survey on positive scalar curvature metrics
• On compact 3-manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature with a CMC boundary component
• A note on the nonexistence of generalized apparent horizons in Minkowski space
• A survey on extensions of Riemannian manifolds and Bartnik mass estimates
• Constructing electrically charged Riemannian manifolds with minimal boundary, prescribed asymptotics, and controlled mass
• On the charged Riemannian Penrose inequality with charged matter
• 4-dimensional manifolds with nonnegative scalar curvature and CMC boundary
• Harmonic functions and the mass of 3-dimensional asymptotically flat Riemannian manifolds
• Apparent horizons in simplicial Brill wave initial data
• Nonexistence of apparent horizons for elongated configurations of matter having small mass
• Analysis, geometry and topology of positive scalar curvature metrics. Abstracts from the workshop held February 18--23, 2024
• Metrics with \(\lambda_1(-\Delta + k R) \ge 0\) and flexibility in the Riemannian Penrose inequality
• Bartnik mass via vacuum extensions
• Quasi-local mass and the existence of horizons
• Desingularizing positive scalar curvature 4-manifolds
• Some rigidity results for the Hawking mass and a lower bound for the Bartnik capacity
• The general relativistic constraint equations
• NNSC-cobordism of Bartnik data in high dimensions
• Smoothing the Bartnik boundary conditions and other results on Bartnik's quasi-local mass
• Sequences of three dimensional manifolds with positive scalar curvature
• HORIZON MASS THEOREM
• A note about isotopy and concordance of positive scalar curvature metrics on compact manifolds with boundary
• Singular metrics with negative scalar curvature
• The Bartnik-Bray outer mass of small metric spheres in time-symmetric 3-slices
• Decomposing 4-manifolds with positive scalar curvature
• Families of non time-symmetric initial data sets and Penrose-like energy inequalities
• On the NNSC fill-ins and asymptotically flat extension
• Total mean curvature, scalar curvature, and a variational analog of Brown-York mass
• On the fill-in of nonnegative scalar curvature metrics
• Asymptotically hyperbolic extensions and an analogue of the Bartnik mass
• Embeddings, immersions and the Bartnik quasi-local mass conjectures
• Capacity, quasi-local mass, and singular fill-ins
• Analysis, geometry and topology of positive scalar curvature metrics. Abstracts from the workshop held June 27 -- July 3, 2021 (hybrid meeting)
• On the min-max width of unit volume three-spheres
• Isoperimetry for asymptotically flat 3-manifolds with positive ADM mass
• Remarks on the size of apparent horizons
• On Hawking mass and Bartnik mass of CMC surfaces

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