Smoothing the Bartnik boundary conditions and other results on Bartnik's quasi-local mass

DOI10.1016/J.GEOMPHYS.2018.11.005zbMATH Open1410.53039arXiv1806.08348OpenAlexW2809555756WikidataQ125863582 ScholiaQ125863582MaRDI QIDQ669596FDOQ669596

Jeffrey L. Jauregui

Publication date: 15 March 2019

Published in: Journal of Geometry and Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Quite a number of distinct versions of Bartnik's definition of quasi-local mass appear in the literature, and it is not a priori clear that any of them produce the same value in general. In this paper we make progress on reconciling these definitions. The source of discrepancies is two-fold: the choice of boundary conditions (of which there are three variants) and the non-degeneracy or "no-horizon" condition (at least six variants). To address the boundary conditions, we show that given a 3-dimensional region $Omega$ of nonnegative scalar curvature ($Rgeq0$) extended in a Lipschitz fashion across $partialOmega$ to an asymptotically flat 3-manifold with $Rgeq0$ (also holding distributionally along $partialOmega$), there exists a smoothing, arbitrarily small in $C^0$ norm, such that $Rgeq0$ and the geometry of $Omega$ are preserved, and the ADM mass changes only by a small amount. With this we are able to show that the three boundary conditions yield equivalent Bartnik masses for two reasonable non-degeneracy conditions. We also discuss subtleties pertaining to the various non-degeneracy conditions and produce a nontrivial inequality between a no-horizon version of the Bartnik mass and Bray's replacement of this with the outward-minimizing condition.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.08348

zbMATH Keywords

Bartnik massquasi-local massnonnegative scalar curvature

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global Riemannian geometry, including pinching (53C20) Applications of global differential geometry to the sciences (53C80) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)

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Cited In (8)

• A survey on extensions of Riemannian manifolds and Bartnik mass estimates
• Embeddings, immersions and the Bartnik quasi-local mass conjectures
• On the evolution of the spacetime Bartnik mass
• Some rigidity results for the Hawking mass and a lower bound for the Bartnik capacity
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• Constructing electrically charged Riemannian manifolds with minimal boundary, prescribed asymptotics, and controlled mass
• Gluing Bartnik extensions, continuity of the Bartnik mass, and the equivalence of definitions
• Lower semicontinuity of ADM mass under intrinsic flat convergence

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